免疫压力下口蹄疫病毒的抗原变异  

Antigenic Variations of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus under Immune Pressure

作　　者：杨金平 郑海学[1] 朱紫祥[1] YANG Jinping;ZHENG Haixue;ZHU Zixiang(State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology,National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory,Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute,CAAS,Lanzhou 730046,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所家畜疫病病原学国家重点实验室口蹄疫国家参考实验室,兰州730046

出　　处：《中国动物传染病学报》2021年第4期44-51,共8页Chinese Journal of Animal Infectious Diseases

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32072831);中国农业科学院创新工程协同创新任务(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-LVRI);中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所重点任务(CAAS-ASTIP-2020-LVRI-01)。

摘　　要：口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)属于小RNA病毒科口蹄疫病毒属成员,其能够感染猪、牛、羊等偶蹄类动物,引起烈性传染病口蹄疫(FMD)的发生。FMDV抗原的高频率变异给FMD的防控和根除带来了巨大困难,这也是影响FMD疫苗免疫效果不佳的主要原因。因此,FMDV抗原变异一直是突破口蹄疫防控难题的研究重点。本文主要从FMDV的结构蛋白入手,针对目前鉴定的主要抗原位点以及在免疫压力下FMDV抗原变异的研究进展进行综述,以期为FMD的防控和新型疫苗的研发提供思路。Foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV)belongs to the genus Aphthovirus within the family Picornaviridae and infects pigs,sheep,cattle and various cloven-hoofed animals.The highly antigenic variation of FMDV contributes to the remarkable diffi culty of FMD control and elimination,which is the main reason for FMD vaccine failures.Investigation of FMDV antigenic variation is a key section for resolving the issue of FMD control.This review summarizes the main antigenic sites in the structural proteins of FMDV and recent progresses on antigenic variations of FMDV under immune pressure,which will provide insights for making FMDV control strategy and development of FMD vaccines.

关 键 词：口蹄疫病毒 免疫压力 抗原位点 抗原变异 

分 类 号：S852.659.6[农业科学—基础兽医学]