新生儿应用不同药物预防HIV母婴传播对其早期生长发育的影响及不良反应比较  

Effects of different drugs used in newborns to prevent mother-to-infant transmission of HIV on their early growth and development and comparison of adverse reactions

作　　者：沈谏娣 林菁[1] 马丙南 谭文争[1] SHEN Jian-di;LIN Jing;MA Bingnan(Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital,Guangzhou 510000,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市第八人民医院,510000

出　　处：《中国现代药物应用》2021年第15期169-171,共3页Chinese Journal of Modern Drug Application

摘　　要：目的探讨新生儿单用齐多夫定或奈韦拉平预防人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)母婴传播对其早期生长发育状况的影响及不良反应。方法选取76例HIV阳性孕妇所分娩新生儿作为研究对象,采用随机数字法分为齐多夫定组和奈韦拉平组,每组38例。研究组新生儿给予齐多夫定治疗,对照组新生儿给予奈韦拉平治疗。比较两组新生儿服药期间不良反应发生情况及早期生长发育情况。结果两组新生儿服药期间腹泻、中性粒细胞减少发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);齐多夫定组新生儿服药期间呕吐、肝损害、贫血发生率分别为10.53%、5.26%、28.95%,均明显低于奈韦拉平组的的28.95%、21.05%、52.63%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。齐多夫定组新生儿服药期间体质量增长、头围增长、身长增长速度分别为(20.15±2.36)g/d、(0.70±0.19)cm/周、(0.79±0.18)cm/周,均高于奈韦拉平组的(17.82±1.59)g/d、(0.62±0.12)cm/周、(0.68±0.14)cm/周,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论HIV阳性孕妇所分娩新生儿单用齐多夫定的不良反应发生情况优于奈韦拉平,同时其针对新生儿生长发育影响程度低于奈韦拉平,更益于新生儿生长发育。Objective To discuss the effects of different drugs used in newborns to prevent motherto-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)on their early growth and development and comparison of adverse reactions.Methods A total of 76 newborns born by HIV positive pregnant women as study subjects were divided into zidovudine group and nevirapine group,with 38 cases in each group.Zidovudine group was treated with zidovudine,and nevirapine group was treated with nevirapine.The incidence of adverse reactions and early growth and development of the two groups were compared.Results There was no statistically significant difference in incidence of diarrhea and neutropenia during neonatal medication between the two groups(P>0.05).The incidences of vomiting,liver damage and anemia during neonatal medication in the zidovudine group were 10.53%,5.26% and 28.95%,which were significantly lower than 28.95%,21.05% and 52.63% in the nevirapine group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The growth rates of body mass,head circumference and body length during neonatal medication in zidovudine group were(20.15±2.36)g/d,(0.70±0.19)cm/week and(0.79±0.18)cm/week,which were higher than(17.82±1.59)g/d,(0.62±0.12)cm/week and(0.68±0.14)cm/week in nevirapine group during the period of prevention of HIV mother-to-infant transmission(P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of adverse reactions in newborns treated with zidovudine alone is better than that of nevirapine,and its effect on the growth and development of newborns is lower than that of nevirapine,which is more beneficial to the growth and development of newborns.

关 键 词：齐多夫定 奈韦拉平 人类免疫缺陷病毒 母婴传播 不良反应 生长发育 

分 类 号：R174[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]