两大法系背景下的商标保护制度  

Trademark Protection Systems against the Background of Two Major Legal Systems

作　　者：李明德[1,2] Li Mingde

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院知识产权中心 [2]国家知识产权专家咨询委员会

出　　处：《知识产权》2021年第8期3-20,共18页Intellectual Property

摘　　要：商标是市场经济的产物,用于指示商品或者服务的来源。无论是英美法系还是欧洲大陆法系,在商标保护上都经历了从侵权责任法,到商标注册法和反不正当竞争法并举的历史进程。关于商标注册的保护,英美法系认为注册不过是一个公示,表明相关的商标已经使用或者将要使用。而大陆法系则认为,商标注册是商标权利获得的途径。在商标注册和注册商标的保护方面,中国接受了大陆法系的理念,并制定了自己的商标注册法。然而在相关的商标注册和保护实践中,却发生了一系列变异,尤其是商标抢注和“注册证书”囤积。我们应当从两大法系比较的角度出发,既坚持现有的商标注册制度,又吸取英美法系商标注册不是商标权利获得途径的理念,进而从理论上和制度层面上解决我们面临的问题。通过比较两大法系商标注册和注册商标保护的制度,我们应当清晰地认识到,商标权作为一种财产权,来自于商标的实际使用,以及由此而产生的商誉。商标作为一种智力活动成果,商标权作为一种财产权,永远不可能来自于行政机关的商标注册。Trademarks have emerged from the market economy as indicating the sources of goods or services.In both Anglo-American System and Continental European System,there is a same historical development in the protection of trademarks,that is,from torts law to the joint mechanism of trademark registration law and unfair competition law.With respect to the trademark registration,while Anglo-American System has treated it as a notification that a mark has been used or will be used in commerce,Continental European System has regarded it as an approach to get the trademark rights.China has accepted the idea from Continental European System and established its own trademark registration law.However,there are some variations in the practice of the law,such as trademark squatting and trademark hoarding.Based on a comparative study,we shall take the idea from Anglo-American System that the registration of a trademark is not a channel to get a property right,and thereof to resolve the problems we are facing.The paper emphasizes that a trademark right is resulted from the use of such a trademark in commerce and the goodwill thereof;trademark rights as a kind of property right will never result from the administrative registration.

关 键 词：商标法 商标注册 注册商标 恶意注册 仿冒 有一定影响 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]