德国默克尔政府的“印太战略”及对中国的影响  

Merkel Government's “Indo-Pacific Strategy” and Impacts to China

作　　者：王晓文[1] Wang Xiaowen

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学国际关系学院

出　　处：《印度洋经济体研究》2021年第4期21-42,151,152,共24页Indian Ocean Economic and Political Review

基　　金：2018国家社科基金项目“美国印太战略背景下的大国海上战略互动及对中国周边海洋安全的影响研究”(项目编号:18CGJ030)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：德国“印太战略”主要从政治方式、经济方式以及伙伴关系三个方面实施,体现出德国经济的繁荣严重依赖印太地区的特点。其试图在印太地区维持西方主导的国际秩序,以应对中国崛起带来的经济竞争,同时迫于美欧战略互信缺失而推动欧盟的“战略自主”。对比德国“印太战略”和美国“印太战略”可以发现,两者在对华立场和战略方针上存在根本差异,而在“多边主义”理念和“规则主导”方式上却比较接近。德国“印太战略”使中国周边安全环境面临更大的挑战,其对华关系中的价值观因素凸显,经济议题的重要性也逐步上升,两国在高科技领域的竞争态势日趋激烈。德国“印太战略”也会给中国带来机遇,中国需有差异化地应对德国和美国的“印太战略”,积极主动地塑造印太地区新秩序,避免掉入其“印太战略”的陷阱。Germany’s Merkel government,launched policy guidelines for the Indo-Pacific in September 2020 and become the second European country,just following the France,to launch an "Indo-Pacific Strategy. "Germany’s "Indo-Pacific Strategy"is mainly implemented from three aspects: political mode, economic mode and partnership,which reflects Germany’s economic prosperity relies heavily on Indo-Pacific region,trying to maintain a Western-dominated international order in the Indo-Pacific,responding to economic competition from China’s rise,and promoting the EU’s"strategic autonomy"under the background of the lack of strategic mutual trust. By comparing Germany’s"Indo-Pacific Strategy"to the U. S. ’s"Indo-Pacific Strategy,"we can find that there are fundamental differences in their positions and strategic approaches towards China. After Biden took office,they have come closer to each other in the concept of "multilateralism"and the way of "rules-led. "Germany’s "Indo-Pacific Strategy"makes China’s peripheral security environment face greater pressure,the factor of value in Germany’s relations with China has become prominent,the importance of economic issues in Sino-German relations is increasing,and the competition between the two countries in the high-tech field is becoming increasingly fierce. Germany’s "Indo-Pacific Strategy"brings both opportunities and challenges to China. China needs to deal with the "Indo-Pacific Strategy"of Germany and the U. S. in different ways,avoid falling into the trap of confrontation of the "Indo-Pacific Strategy,"and actively shape the new Indo-Pacific order.

关 键 词：德国外交 默克尔政府 “印太战略” 中德关系 

分 类 号：D851.6[政治法律—政治学]