核衰变统计规律实验定标器的研制与测试  

Development and test of the calibrator for nuclear decay statistics experiment

作　　者：梁飞翔 曾健安 陈梓豪 杨秦月 唐强 LIANG Fei-xiang;ZENG Jian-an;CHEN Zi-hao;YANG Qin-yue;TANG Qiang(School of Physics,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;National Level Experiment Teaching Center for Physics,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学物理学院,广东广州510275 [2]中山大学物理学国家级实验教学示范中心,广东广州510275

出　　处：《物理实验》2021年第8期22-26,共5页Physics Experimentation

摘　　要：结合基于光电倍增管的辐射探测器,采用数字电位器替代传统的调节方式,研制了用于大学核物理实验的定标器,降低了学生实验中仪器的故障率.以Sr90为放射源,使用该定标器进行核衰变统计规律实验,通过控制单次探测辐射粒子的数目,分别验证了放射性原子核衰变过程中的泊松分布和高斯分布统计规律.该实验可以加深学生对原子核物理知识的理解,增强对核衰变统计规律的认知,并且掌握最基本的辐射探测方法.The calibrator applied in college nuclear experiments was developed from the radiation detector of the the photomultiplier tube and with the digital potentiometer instead of traditional modulation modes.And the failure rate was greatly reduced.The calibrator was applied in the nuclear decay statistical experiment in which Sr90 was used as a radioactive source.The Poisson and Gaussian distributions were verified in the decay process of radioactive nuclei by controlling the number of single-detected radiating particles.This experiment could inspire the students to deeply understand nuclear physics,to enhance their knowledge of the statistical laws of nuclear decay,and to further master the most basic radiation detection methods.

关 键 词：核衰变 定标器 光电倍增管 统计规律 泊松分布 高斯分布 

分 类 号：O571.3[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理]