紫柏山壳斗科植物群落物种多样性和稳定性研究  

Studies on species diversity and stability of the fagaceae community in the Zibai mountain

作　　者：巫翠华 蔡建军 李华 张赟 康永祥[1] WU Cuihua;CAI Jianjun;LI Hua;ZHANG Yun;KANG Yongxiang(College of Forestry,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;Fengxian Cultural Tourism Industry Management Committee,Fengxian 721700,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]凤县文化旅游产业管理委员会,陕西凤县721700

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2021年第8期108-115,共8页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFC0501706-01);紫柏山国家级自然保护区综合考察专项。

摘　　要：【目的】研究紫柏山壳斗科植物群落的物种多样性和稳定性,为该区域的物种多样性保护和培育抚育提供理论依据。【方法】于2019年7月,以紫柏山森林面积较大的4种壳斗科植物群落:锐齿槲栎林、槲栎林、栓皮栎林和米心水青冈林为研究对象,通过样地调查获取群落数据,采用多样性指数Shannon-Wiener(H′)、Simpson(D)、Pielou(J)和Margalef(R)来评估紫柏山壳斗科植物群落生物多样性特性,并利用M-Godron稳定性测定法和主成分综合评价法,对紫柏山壳斗科植物群落稳定性进行评价判定。【结果】1)调查共记录到植物109种,分别属于49科91属。2)4种群落α多样性表现为:米心水青冈林最高,槲栎林次之,栓皮栎林较低,锐齿槲栎林最低。其中,乔木层物种多样性为:米心水青冈林>栓皮栎林>锐齿槲栎林>槲栎林;灌木层表现为:槲栎林>锐齿槲栎林>栓皮栎林>米心水青冈林;草本层为:槲栎林>米心水青冈林>栓皮栎林>锐齿槲栎林。其中,年龄、海拔和郁闭度是影响群落物种多样性的主要因素。3)M-Godron稳定性测定法和主成分综合评价法的群落稳定性结论一致:米心水青冈林>槲栎林>锐齿槲栎林>栓皮栎林。其中米心水青冈林处于稳定状态,锐齿槲栎林、槲栎林和栓皮栎林处于较稳定状态。影响壳斗科植物群落稳定性的主要因素有群落物种多样性、林分结构和更新能力,而且相较于灌木层和草本层,乔木层的相关因子对维持群落稳定性更重要。【结论】紫柏山壳斗科植物群落物种多样性总体较低,其中年龄、海拔和郁闭度是影响群落物种多样性的主要因素;其中米心水青冈林处于稳定状态,锐齿槲栎林、槲栎林和栓皮栎林处于较稳定状态。【Objective】To study the species diversity and stability of the fagaceae community in Zibai mountain,and to provide a theoretical basis for the conservation and nurturing of species diversity in this area.【Method】In July 2019,four species of fagaceae communities were chosen:Quercus aliena var.acuteserrata forest,Quercus aliena forest,Quercus variabilis forest and Fagus engleriana forest as the research object after field investigation.Simpson(D),Shannon-Wiener(H’),Pielou(J)and Margalef(R)index were used to assess the community biodiversity,and the M-Godron stability determination and principal component method were uesd to evaluate stability.【Results】1)A total of 109 species,49 families,91 genera of plants were recorded.2)The diversity of the four communities was shown as follow:Fagus engleriana>Quercus aliena>Quercus variabilis>Quercus aliena var.acuteserrata.Among them,species diversity of tree layer is as follows:Fagus engleriana>Quercus variabilis>Quercus al-iena var.acuteserrata>Quercus aliena,shrub layer,Quercus aliena>Quercus aliena var.Acuteserrata>Quercus variabilis>Fagus engleriana,herb layer:Quercus aliena>Fagu s engleriana>Quercus variabilis>Quercus aliena var.acuteserrata.altitude,canopy density and are the main factors affecting species diversity.3)M-Godron stability determination and the comprehensive evaluation based on principal component analysis were shown that:Fagus engleriana>Quercus aliena>Quercus variabilis>Quercus aliena var.acuteserrata.Except for Fagus engleriana,Quercus aliena,Quercus variabilis and Quercus aliena var.acuteserrata were not in a stable state.In addition,the main factors affecting the stability on fagaceae community were community species diversity,stand structure and regeneration ability.Further more,tree layer was more important to maintain the community stability than that of shrub layer and herb layer.【Conclusion】In general,the species diversity of the communities of the fagaceae plants was low and Fagus engleriana was in most stable state than others

关 键 词：壳斗科植物群落 物种多样性 群落稳定性 紫柏山 

分 类 号：S718.54[农业科学—林学]