滇中亚高山4种典型林分凋落物归还及养分动态变化特征  

Characteristics of litter return and nutrient dynamic change in four typical forests in the subalpine of central Yunnan province

作　　者：邢进梅 王克勤[1] 宋娅丽[1] 张雨鉴 张转敏 潘天森 XING Jinmei;WANG Keqin;SONG Yali;ZHANG Yujian;ZHANG Zhuanmin;PAN Tiansen(College of Ecology and Environment,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学生态与环境学院,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2021年第8期134-144,共11页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：云南省国家级大学生创新训练项目(20191067707);云南省高校优势特色重点学科(生态学)建设项目(050005113111);云南省科技厅“三区”人才支持计划;国家林草局林业科技创新平台运行项目“云南玉溪森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站”“云南玉溪森林生态系统国家长期科研基地”(2020132078,2020132550)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过研究滇中亚高山4种典型林分凋落物归还及养分动态变化特征,得出不同林分类型养分归还变化规律,为开展不同林分林地生产力的维持机制和提高森林生态系统的碳汇功能及其生态恢复提供理论参考。【方法】以滇中亚高山常绿阔叶林、高山栎林、云南松林和华山松林为研究对象,在每个林分随机设置方形凋落物收集器,每月收集凋落枝和叶,烘干至恒质量后计算月和年凋落量,并测定有机碳(C)、全氮(N)、全磷(P)、全钾(K)含量,研究林分凋落物组成、养分含量及养分归还动态变化。【结果】4种林分年凋落物量为396.93~767.32 kg/hm^(2);凋落物组分中凋落叶占86.08%~89.13%,枝仅占10.87%~13.92%;4种林分凋落枝、叶及总量月动态变化呈单峰或双峰型变化规律,凋落物最高值出现在5月,C、N、P和K养分含量无明显变化规律;4种林分养分归还量为常绿阔叶林>云南松林或华山松林>高山栎林,凋落叶养分归还量大于凋落枝,不同养分归还量大小顺序为C>N>K>P,C、N、P和K归还量分别为193.57~359.37、3.18~6.51、0.25~0.49和1.86~3.41 kg/hm^(2);4种林分C、N、P和K归还量月动态变化呈单峰型、双峰型、多峰型或无规则变化规律,受凋落量以及养分含量的共同影响。【结论】常绿阔叶林年凋落物量和养分归还量均较高,周转期短,物种多样性丰富,群落结构稳定,具有较普遍的适应性,较快的凋落物分解周转能更好地进行养分归还,较强地维持土壤肥力。【Objective】By studying the characteristics of the return of litters and the dynamic change of nutrients in four typical forests in the subalpine of central Yunnan province,the change rules of the return of nutrients in different forests were obtained,which provided theoretical reference for the development of the maintenance mechanism of the productivity of different forests and the improvement of the carbon sink function of forest ecosystem and its ecological restoration.【Method】The Evergreen broad-leaved forest(CL),Quercus aquifolioides forest(GSL),Pinus yunnanensis forest(YNS)and Pinus armandii forest(HSS)were selected as research objects.Square litter collectors were randomly set in each forest to collect litter branches and leaves every month.After drying to constant weight,monthly and annual litters were calculated,and the contents of organic carbon(C),total nitrogen(N),total phosphorus(P)and total potassium(K)were determined,and the composition of litters,nutrient contents and dynamic changes of nutrient return in stand were studied.【Result】The annual litters of the four forests were 396.93-767.32 kg/hm^(2);Litter leaves accounted for 86.08%-89.13%of litters,litter branches only accounted for 10.87%-13.92%.The monthly dynamic changes of the litter branches,litter leaves,and total amounts of the four forests showed a single-peak,double-peak pattern;the highest values of the total litter amounts appeared in May,respectively.The nutrient contents of C,N,P and K showed no obvious changes.The nutrient return amount of the four forests was showed as:evergreen broad-leaved forest>Pinus yunnanensis forest or Pinus armandii forest>Quercus aquifolioides forest.The amount of nutrients returned from litter leaves was greater than that from litter branches.The order of different amounts of nutrients return was ranked as:C>N>K>P.The return amounts of C,N,P and K were 193.57-359.37,3.18-6.51,0.25-0.49 and 1.86-3.41 kg/hm^(2),respectively.The monthly dynamic changes of C,N,P and K return amounts in the four fo

关 键 词：凋落物量 养分含量 养分归还量 滇中亚高山 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]