合法预期在中国法中的命途与反思——以最高人民法院公布的典型案件为例的检讨  

Future and Reflection of Legitimate Expectation in Chinese Law:A Review of Typical Cases Published by the Supreme People’s Court

作　　者：胡若溟 HU Ruoming(Zhejiang Academy of Social Sciences,Hangzhou 310007,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省社会科学院,杭州310007

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第2期57-67,共11页Journal of Shanghai Jiao tong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：司法部国家法治与法学理论研究课题“行政诉权处分的基础理论研究”(19SFB3014);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题“新型政商关系研究”(17JZD008)。

摘　　要：自合法预期被引入判决以来,这一概念围绕着"内容""渊源""保护条件"和"保护方式"四点主要争议在英国法中蓬勃发展。而在中国,虽然学人一直未曾放弃对合法预期中国化的关注,但其在中国司法审判中基本附着于"信赖保护"的话语体系。对最高人民法院公布的10个典型案例的分析显示,中国法院在"程序性预期保护""保护条件"和"信赖利益作为行政决定前考虑因素"等三方面不同程度地体现了合法预期理论。由于合法预期在实践中侧重约束行政权力,未能兼顾公私利益,并不能作为法院完成政策实施等多元化任务的最佳工具,因此不为法院倚重。为此,应从限制保护对象、严格保护条件、限定保护方式入手为合法预期在中国法中寻找更为准确的定位。Since the doctrine of legitimate expectation was introduced into the common law by Lord Denning,this concept has been developing into an important part in common law,which centers on four main disputes:content,origin,conditions of protection,and manner of protection.As a significative concept,although scholars in China have never given up paying attention to the sinicization of legitimate expectation,it is basically attached to the discourse system of"trust protection"in Chinese judicial trials.By analyzing 10 typical cases published by the Supreme People’s Court of the People’s Republic of China,it can be observed that Chinese courts have embodied this doctrine in three aspects:"protection of procedural expectation in a procedural way","change of condition",and"consideration of reliance interest as one of the requirements before decision-making".Since legitimate expectation is partial to restrict administrative power in practice,it fails to take into account public and private interests,and cannot be used as the best tool for the court to achieve diversified tasks such as policy implementation.Therefore,the court does not rely heavily on it.For this reason,it is necessary to constrain its object,condition,and manner to find a more accurate positioning for legal expectations in Chinese law.

关 键 词：合法预期 法院任务 政策实施 纠纷解决 

分 类 号：D926.2[政治法律—法学]