建党百年重审韦伯新教伦理命题--从社会经济的可持续发展看文化自信  

A Retrial on Webber's Protestant Proposition in the 100th Anniversary of the Founding of the CPC:On Cultural Confidence From the Perspective of Sustainable Development of Social Economy

作　　者：朱富强 ZHU Fu-qiang(China Economics Research Center,Henan University,Kaifeng 47504,China;Lingnan College,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]河南大学中国经济学研究中心,河南开封475004 [2]中山大学岭南学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《东北财经大学学报》2021年第4期12-26,共15页Journal of Dongbei University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国特色社会主义政治经济学理论体系中的国家理论”(19ZDA057)。

摘　　要：韦伯命题认为,资本主义之所以在新教而非儒家社会中产生和壮大,关键在于新教的两大精神特征:一是理性主义,它有助于资本主义组织的构建;二是以救赎为皈依的天职观,它有助于资本的创造和积累。在清教世界中,通过理性主义的引入而促进了资本主义组织的形成和壮大,由于世俗贬斥和世俗救赎之间的紧张关系而形成苦行和成功的“天职”驱动力。相反,在儒家社会中,由信念伦理驱使的价值理性排斥了资本主义赖以生存的理性经济与技术,对待世俗事务不偏不倚的立场抵消了追求世俗成功的动力。但是,韦伯命题也需要重新审视:它有关儒家社会的观点主要源于对早期儒家经典静态而片面的理解,但实际上,不仅原初儒学早就已经摆脱了巫术而渗入了理性思维,而且儒家社会的思想和精神在后来的漫长演化过程中也确立了苦行、劳动和彼岸的思想。在很大程度上,资本主义之所以诞生并壮大于西欧社会,是各种偶然性因素的同时出现并共同作用的结果;而儒家文化同样能够很好地适应市场经济的发展,并且儒家社会的集体主义文化比西方社会的个人主义文化更有利于社会经济的持续发展,这是中国确立文化自信的重要基础。According to Weber's proposition,there are two spirit features to explain why protestant rather than Confucian society produce and promote the development of capitalism.One is the rationalism,which facilitates the construction of rational organization;the other is the view of“God Duty”converting to salvation,which helps the creation and accumulation of capital.As for Puritanism,it promotes the formation and expansion of the capitalist organization by introducing rationalism;and brings about a driving force of“God Duty”for austerity and success due to the tensions between secular disgrace and secular redemption.In contrast,in the Confucian society,value-based rationality,driven by an ethic of faith,rejects the rational economy and technology on which capitalism is based,and the drive for secular success is offset by an impartial stance toward secular matters.However,Weber's proposition also needs to be re-examined:its view of Confucian society stems primarily from a static and one-sided understanding of the early Confucian classics.In fact,not only had the original Confucianism long ago moved away from witchcraft and infiltrated rational thought,but the ideas and spirit of Confucian society also established the ideas of asceticism,labor,and the other side in the long subsequent evolution.To a large extent,the birth and growth of capitalism in Western European societies was the result of the simultaneous emergence of various contingent factors acting together.However,Confucian culture can also adapt to the development of market economy,and the collectivism culture of Confucian society is more conducive to the sustainable development of social economy than the individualism culture of western society,which provides an important foundation for us to establish cultural confidence.

关 键 词：韦伯 儒家社会 新教伦理 资本主义精神 文化动力 

分 类 号：F092[经济管理—政治经济学] G122[文化科学]