田间农药雾滴精准采样技术与发展趋势  

Current status and prospects of precise sampling of pesticide droplets

作　　者：王国宾 李烜 John Andaloro 陈盛德 韩小强[5] 王娟[6] 单常峰 兰玉彬 Wang Guobin;Li Xuan;John Andaloro;Chen Shengde;Han Xiaoqiang;Wang Juan;Shan Changfeng;Lan Yubin(College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255049,China;Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Agricultural Aviation Intelligent Equipment,Zibo 255049,China;FMC Corporation,Stine Research Center,1090 Elkton Road,Newark,DE 19711,USA;College of Electronics Engineering(College of Artificial Intelligence),South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;College of Agricultural,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832002,China;Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,淄博255049 [2]山东省农业航空智能装备工程技术研究中心,淄博255049 [3]FMC Corporation,Stine Research Center,1090 Elkton Road,Newark,DE 19711,USA [4]华南农业大学电子工程学院(人工智能学院),广州510642 [5]石河子大学农学院,石河子832002 [6]海南大学机电工程学院,海口570228

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第11期1-12,共12页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：山东省引进顶尖人才“一事一议”专项经费资助项目(鲁政办字[2018]27号);淄博市重点研发计划生态无人农场研究院项目(2019ZBXC200);国家自然科学基金项目(31901411)。

摘　　要：采用植保机械喷施化学农药仍是病虫害防治最为有效的手段。喷施过程中,农药雾滴精准的采集并测定沉积、流失飘移量,对于优化植保机械的作业参数、提高农药利用率具有重要意义。该研究综述分析了室内与田间采样过程中不同类型采样器的优缺点,并分析采样效率、采样器的布置及采样条件等因素对雾滴沉积、流失飘移采样结果的影响。针对当前的采样方法,该研究提出了未来在农药雾滴采样方面的5点要求与展望,包括提高采样的准确性、提高采样方法和采样设备的标准化、增加对农药有效成分雾滴运动规律的研究、研发新型的采样传感器以提高采样效率、建立植保无人飞机喷施雾滴沉积、飘移模型。综上,通过更为标准化和精准的采样,获取可比较、准确度高的农药雾滴沉积与流失飘移数据,可为中国农药使用量“零增长”提供科学技术指导。Plant protection machinery to spray pesticides is one of the most effective pest control methods in agriculture.It is necessary to accurately collect and measure the amount of droplets deposition,loss,and drift in the spraying process of pesticides,thereby optimizing the operating parameters of plant protection equipment,while improving the utilization rate of pesticides.Various samplers are available at present for sampling spray deposition,loss,and drift droplets.The selection of the samplers should meet the following requirements.Firstly,high collection efficiencies of samplers were required for the droplets of different sizes in relatively low wind speeds;Secondly,the samplers were not easy to saturate,with a certain sampling volume or area to sample sufficient droplets.A certain sampling volume or area can be used to calculate the deposition per unit area;Thirdly,the samplers should not react with active ingredients or tracers,particularly with high sampling efficiency,and stable recovery rate,where the resulting data can be quantitatively analyzed;Fourthly,the cheap samplers are easy to handle under field conditions.In this study,four types of samplers classified by the analytical approaches were introduced,including the type of image processing,chemical analysis,sensors,and rest.There were special precautions for each sampler.The selection of image processing software,correction of scanned data,and the limitations should be noticed in the type of image processing samplers.Much attention should be paid to the selection of samplers,dye or fluorescent tracer,and the volatility of pesticide active ingredients in the type of chemical analysis samplers;The type and applied scenarios were critical for each sensor and accuracy of sensors in the type of sensor samplers.In addition,there was some adhesion,rebound,or breakage failure,further detrimental to the sampling efficiency,when the droplets came into contact with the sampler.Especially for the type of chemical analysis samplers,special attention should be paid

关 键 词：植保机械 农药 喷雾 雾滴沉积 雾滴流失 雾滴飘移 采样方法 

分 类 号：S224.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程]