中国典型设施栽培土壤Cu、Zn累积特征及风险预测  

Accumulation characteristics and risk prediction of Cu and Zn contents in typical facility soils in China

作　　者：卢维宏 刘娟 张乃明[1,2,3] 李芳艳 韩东锦 于泓 李嘉琦 韩政 Lu Weihong;Liu Juan;Zhang Naiming;Li Fangyan;Han Dongjin;Yu Hong;Li Jiaqi;Han Zheng(College of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;College of Resource and Environmental Science,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Yunnan Soil Fertility and Pollution Restoration Laboratory,Kunming 650201,China;Henan Xinlianxin Chemical Industry Group Co.,Ltd.,Xinxiang 453700,China;College of Information Engineering,Jiangsu College of Engineering and Technology,Nantong 226007,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学植物保护学院,昆明650201 [2]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明650201 [3]云南省土壤培肥与污染修复工程实验室,昆明650201 [4]河南心连心化学工业集团股份有限公司,新乡453700 [5]江苏工程职业技术学院信息工程学院,南通226007

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第11期189-196,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项计划项目(202002AE320005);云南省重点研发计划项目(2018BC003)。

摘　　要：为了探明铜(Cu)和锌(Zn)在设施栽培土壤中的累积现状及潜在风险,该研究基于中国8个省16个州市典型区域的设施栽培土壤全量和有效态含量,系统分析了Cu、Zn的累积现状及风险特征,并采用分段线性模型(Split-line Model)拟合了土壤Cu、Zn有效态累积量与种植年限的关系,预测了土壤Cu、Zn累积量超风险限量值的种植年限。结果表明:1)与各省对应土壤背景值及农业土壤有效态元素丰缺指标相比,中国设施栽培土壤的全量Cu、Zn均有不同的累积效应,Cu较为明显,有效态含量大部分均达到了极丰富水平,所有样品均未出现低于缺乏临界值的现象;2)与农用地土壤污染风险筛选值相比,全量Cu、Zn平均分别超标16.03%、4.58%;与土壤有效态风险限量值相比,土壤有效态Cu的平均超限率达到了16.92%,辽宁、河南、云南的超限率分别达到了33.33%、62.50%、32.00%,表现较为严重,有效态Zn均未超限;3)基于有效态的风险评价结果表明设施栽培土壤整体安全,仅辽宁达到了轻度污染,河南和云南均达到了警戒值水平,均以元素Cu的累积贡献较为突出;4)土壤有效态Cu、Zn累积量与其种植年限具有显著正相关关系(P<0.05),基于线性模型的分析结果显示,现有设施栽培条件下,连续再种植6.7、20.5、19.3 a可分别导致酸性、中性、碱性土壤中有效态Cu累积量达到风险限量值,连续再种植32.5、67.9、91.9 a可分别导致酸性、中性、碱性土壤中有效态Zn累积量达到风险限量值。因此,设施栽培土壤Cu、Zn累积具有风险,且逐年加重,需要采用合理的安全利用措施(包括修复技术、农资产品选用)来进一步保障设施农业健康可持续发展。Excessive accumulation of trace elements in the protected cultivation soil has become an important factor for the degradation of soil quality.In particular,both copper(Cu)and zinc(Zn)are micronutrient elements required for plant growth and heavy metal in the soil environment.It is highly demanding to consider the Cu,Zn cumulative risks.Therefore,this study aims to investigate the accumulation characteristics and risk prediction of Cu,Zn content in the protected cultivation soil.A total of 131 soil samples were also collected using 5-point sampling in the typical regions of 16 cities in 7 provinces and 1 autonomous region(including Liaoning,Hebei,Shandong,Henan,Shaanxi,,Jiangsu,Yunnan,and Ningxia)in China.The cumulative status and risk characteristics of Cu and Zn were systematically analyzed using the total and available content of the soil.The relationship between the accumulation of available Cu,Zn,and the planting years was fitted to predict the risk of Cu and Zn accumulation exceeding the limit value.The results showed that:1)The total Cu and Zn exhibited an accumulative characteristic in the protected cultivation soil,except that Cu presented a slight decrease in Jiangsu.The effective state content of Cu and Zn(except that Zn at a relatively rich level both in Shaanxi and Jiangsu)reached an extremely rich level,where there was no state below the critical value.Noted that the soil background values in each province were compared with the abundance and deficiency indexes of soil available trace elements in the agricultural system.2)The total amount of Cu and Zn in the soil exceeded the standard by 16.03%and 4.58%,respectively,compared with the screening value of farmland soil.The average exceeding limit rate reached 16.92%,while Liaoning,Henan and Yunnan were observed the most serious up to 33.33%,62.50%,and 32.00%,respectively,compared with the risk limits of soil available Cu and Zn.3)The risk assessment showed that the overall performance of protected cultivation soil was safe using the effective state.The

关 键 词：设施 土壤 风险评价 CU ZN 累积特征 

分 类 号：S154.4[农业科学—土壤学] X53[农业科学—农业基础科学]