贸易争端解决机制改革论争的常态与非常态  

The Normal and Abnormal in the Debate on Reform of Trade Dispute Settlement Mechanisms

作　　者：刘彬[1] Liu Bin

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学国际法学院

出　　处：《国际经济法学刊》2021年第3期53-64,共12页Journal of International Economic Law

摘　　要：世界贸易组织上诉机构的严重危机事实上源于美国所主导的一场非常态论争。美方立场与该国时任领导人的个性特质有直接关联,其理据悖谬且虚伪,呈现历史偶然性。贸易争端解决机制改革的常态化论争则围绕机制在实践中展现的结构性弱点而展开,关注的是争端解决实践中的真实问题,无论其能否产出有拘束力结果,都不失为一种真诚沟通,这在多边贸易体制与区域贸易协定两个层面皆有体现。当前世贸组织成员方应抓住时机,吸收区域贸易协定层面的改革经验,把握争端解决机制迈向自治性、效率性、开放性的趋势,使改革论争回归常态化。常态与非常态的冲突本质是传统机制主义与晚近逆全球化的对垒,历史偶然性的背后隐藏着一定的必然性,值得高度警醒。The serious crisis of the WTO Appellate Body actually stemmed from an abnormal controversy led by the U.S.The U.S.position is directly linked to the personality traits of the country’s then leader,and its rationale is paradoxical,hypocritical and historically contingent.The normal debate on the trade dispute settlement mechanism revolves around the structural weaknesses of the mechanism in practice,and focuses on the real problems in dispute settlement practice,evident as genuine communication at both the multilateral trading system and regional trade agreement levels, regardless of whether they produce binding results. WTO members should now seize the opportunity,learning from the experience of reform at the level of regional trade agreements,grasping the trend of dispute settlement mechanisms towards autonomy,efficiency and openness,to return the reform debate to normality.The conflict between the normal and abnormal is essentially a confrontation between traditional institutionalism and recent de-globalization,and behind the historical contingency lies a certain inevitability which deserves a high degree of caution.

关 键 词：上诉机构危机 争端解决机制改革 常态 非常态 结构性弱点 

分 类 号：D996.1[政治法律—经济法学]