论海外驻军活动中的国家行为豁免例外  

Exceptions to Jurisdictional Immunities of States of Foreign Military Presence

作　　者：方瑞安 Fang Rui’an

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学国际法学院

出　　处：《国际经济法学刊》2021年第3期129-138,共10页Journal of International Economic Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“军民融合战略下海上通道安全法治保障研究”(18ZDA155)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：海外驻军活动涉及在外国法院尤其是东道国法院的国家豁免问题,由于军队拥有较强的主权性质,其行为一般都能够被划归为主权行为,从而享有在外国法院的国家豁免。通过对国家豁免理论及国家实践的考察,可以发现有限豁免理论之下国家行为豁免的雇佣合同行为例外及非商业侵权例外,对海外驻军来说都不适用。而商业交易行为例外则难下定论,美国为代表的西方世界认为军队的商业交易行为不享有国家豁免,但《联合国国家及其财产管辖豁免公约》给予了军队商业交易行为享有国家豁免的可能。The activities of foreign military presences involve the issue of jurisdictional immunities of states in foreign courts,especially in courts of host countries.Due to the strong sovereign nature of the military,its actions can generally be classified as sovereign actions,thereby enjoying the jurisdictional immunities of states in foreign courts.Through an examination of the state immunity theory and state practice,it can be found that the contracts of employment exception and the non-commercial torts exception of the jurisdictional immunities of states under the restrictive immunity theory are not applicable to foreign military presences. However, commercial transactions exception is difficult to conclude.The Western countries,represented by the United States,believe that military commercial transactions do not enjoy state immunity,but the United Nations Convention on Jurisdiction Immunity of States and Their Property gives military commercial transactions the possibility of jurisdictional immunities of states.

关 键 词：海外驻军 国家行为豁免 商业交易行为例外 雇佣合同行为例外 非商业侵权例外 

分 类 号：D992[政治法律—国际法学]