集体经济组织的特别法人构造及职能界定--从集体经济组织与村民委员会的关系展开  

The Special Legal Person Structure and Function Definition of Collective Economic Organizations-From the Relationship between the Collective Economic Organization and the Villagers’Committee

作　　者：于明明[1,2] Yu Mingming

机构地区：[1]北京城市学院众城智库(城镇化研究院) [2]自然资源部不动产登记中心学术委员会青年分会

出　　处：《中国不动产法研究》2021年第1期96-112,共17页Research on Real Estate Law of China

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“民法典视角下登记对抗的类型化研究”(19CFX045)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在国家大力推动下,集体经济组织的登记赋码工作已经基本完成,集体经济组织立法也在积极进行当中。在此过程中,学界和实务界对集体经济组织特别法人的具体构造仍有争议。不仅如此,集体经济组织代表行使所有权的经济职能,还经常为村民委员会这一 "超级组织"所挤占。厘清特别法人的具体构造是界定集体经济组织的基础,而清晰地界定职能范围也有利于廓清集体经济组织和村民委员会的边界。基于特别法人的性质及其行使集体所有权的实践,集体经济组织应当定性为社区型股份合作企业,在内部关系上体现治理的身份属性,在对外关系上其责任财产应以可实现的权利为界定标准。在"政经分离"的政策语境下,集体经济组织主要通过提供资源、资金等方式而非通过承担具体公共管理职能的方式来为农民集体提供公共福利。With the vigorous promotion of the state,the registration and coding work of collective economic organizations has been basically completed,and the legislation of collective economic organizations is also actively carried out.In this process,the specific structure of the special legal person of collective economic organizations is still controversial in the academic circles and practical circles.In addition,the economic functions of collective economic organizations are often occupied by the “super organization” of villagers' committee.Clarifying the specific structure of the special legal person is the basis of defining the collective economic organizations,and clearly defining the scope of functions is also conducive to clearing the boundary between the collective economic organizations and the villagers’committee.Based on the nature of the special legal person and the practice of exercising collective ownership,the collective economic organizations should be defined as community-based joint-stock cooperative enterprises,reflecting the identity attribute of governance in internal relations,and taking the realizable rights as the defining standard of responsible property in external relations.In the policy context of“separation of politics and economy”,collective economic organizations mainly provide public welfare for farmers by providing resources and funds,rather than by undertaking specific public management functions.

关 键 词：集体经济组织 代表行使主体 村民委员会 特别法人 政经分离 

分 类 号：F321.32[经济管理—产业经济] D922.4[政治法律—法学]