汽车尾气三效催化剂研究和应用40年  

40 years of research and application of three-way catalysts for gasoline automobiles

作　　者：张昭良[1] 何洪[2] 赵震[3] ZHANG Zhaoliang;HE Hong;ZHAO Zhen(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,University of Jinan,Jinan,250022,China;College of Environmental and Energy Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing,100124,China;College of Science,China University of Petroleum,Beijing,102249,China)

机构地区：[1]济南大学化学化工学院,济南250022 [2]北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院,北京100124 [3]中国石油大学理学院,北京102249

出　　处：《环境化学》2021年第7期1937-1944,共8页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(22076062,20807047)资助.

摘　　要：汽车尾气污染已成为我国大气污染的重要来源,是大气污染防治的重中之重。三效催化剂(TWC)是汽油车和天然气车尾气治理的商业化技术,也是在公众产品市场上使用催化技术的最显著成就之一,对汽车尾气污染物减排具有划时代的重大意义。本文首先简要介绍了TWC的基本原理,回顾了世界(美国为代表)治理汽车尾气40多年的发展历史,特别是近20年来我国在TWC方面的技术进步和实践,然后重点介绍了稀土储氧材料、载体和涂覆技术、密偶催化剂和四效催化剂等进展,最后针对未来低油耗和低CO2排放的汽车需求,展望了未来的TWC和稀燃发动机尾气催化净化技术。Automobile exhaust has become an important source of air pollution in China,which is the key point for air pollution control.The commercial technology for treatment of automobile exhaust from gasoline and natural gas engines is three-way catalyst(TWC),the most remarkable achievement of catalysis application in the public market,implying an unprecedented significance for pollutant removal.Herein,the basic theory of TWC is first introduced followed with a chronological review of forty-years development of TWC in the world,and especially twenty-years R&D in China.Then,recent progresses on oxygen storage materials based on rare-earth oxides,honeycomb supports,coating techniques,close-coupled catalysts and four-way catalysts are highlighted.Finally,the prospective TWCs and catalytic technologies for lean-burn engines with low gasoline consumption and CO2 emission are proposed.

关 键 词：三效催化剂 汽油车 储氧材料 蜂窝载体 汽油机颗粒捕集器 

分 类 号：X734.2[环境科学与工程—环境工程]