南北两城市大气PM_(2.5)中金属元素和阴阳离子分布特征  

Distribution characteristics of metal elements,anions and cations in PM_(2.5) collected in a north city and a south city in China

作　　者：马起山[1] 李闰冰 蔡颖[1,2] 秦双建[1,3] 李柏茹 秦逍云 徐新云[1] MA Qi-shan;LI Run-bing;CAI Ying;QIN Shuang-jian;LI Bo-ru;QIN Xiao-yun;XU Xin-yun(Institute of Health Education,Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518055,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]深圳市疾病预防控制中心健康教育所,广东深圳518055 [2]南华大学公共卫生学院 [3]中南大学湘雅公共卫生学院

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2020年第4期344-346,共3页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：深圳市科技研发项目(JCYJ20190807102205480,JCYJ20170413101713324)。

摘　　要：目的分析南北两城市PM_(2.5)样品金属元素和阴阳离子含量水平与地区差异。方法2017—2018年在深圳市和太原市设立监测点,每天采样24 h,应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定PM_(2.5)样品中金属元素,应用离子色谱法检测PM_(2.5)样品阴、阳离子。结果深圳市和太原市PM_(2.5)中金属元素含量排序有所不同,深圳市2017—2018年合并PM_(2.5)中金属元素排序前10位:Al>Pb>Mn>Cr>Cu>V>Ce>As>Ni>La。太原市2017—2018年合并PM_(2.5)中金属元素排序前10位:Al>Mn>Pb>Cr>Cu>As>Ni>Ce>V>Cd。太原市PM_(2.5)中Pb、Al、As、Ni、Mn含量明显高于深圳市PM_(2.5),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。深圳市PM_(2.5)中阳离子浓度排序是Na^(+)>Mg^(2+)>NH4^(+)>K^(+)>Ca^(2+),太原市PM_(2.5)中阳离子浓度排序是Na^(+)>NH_(4)^(+)>Mg^(2+)>K^(+)>Ca^(2+),两个城市PM_(2.5)中阴离子浓度排序相同,均为SO_(4)^(2-)>NO_(3)^(-)>Cl^(-)>PO_(4)^(3-)。比较2017—2018合并的检测结果发现,太原市NH4+浓度高于深圳,而深圳市Na^(+)、NO_(3)^(-)、Cl^(-)和PO_(4)^(3-)浓度高于太原,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论深圳市和太原市PM_(2.5)含有危害人体健康的多种金属元素;太原市的大气污染情况比深圳严重,应进一步加强大气污染防控。Objective To analyze the difference of metal elements,anions and cations levels in PM_(2.5)collected in a north city and a south city in China.Methods The PM_(2.5)samples were collected in Shenzhen and Taiyuan from 2017 to 2018,and metal elements in PM_(2.5)samples were determined by ICP-MS,and anions and cations were determined by ion chromatography.Results The levels of metal elements in PM_(2.5)samples from Shenzhen and Taiyuan were different,the top 10 metal elements in the PM_(2.5)samples were ranked as aluminum>lead>manganese>chromium>copper>vanadium>cerium>arsenic>nickel>lanthanum in Shenzhen,and aluminum>manganese>lead>chromium>copper>arsenic>nickel>cerium>vanadium>cadmium in Taiyuan,during 2017-2018.Additionally,the levels of lead,aluminum,arsenic,nickel and manganese in PM_(2.5)samples collected in Taiyuan were significantly higher than those in Shenzhen(P<0.05).The concentrations of cations in PM_(2.5)were ranked as Na^(+)>Mg^(2+)>NH_(4)^(+)>K^(+)>Ca^(2+)in Shenzhen,and Na^(+)>NH_(4)^(+)>Mg^(2+)>K^(+)>Ca^(2+)in Taiyuan;The concentrations of anions in PM_(2.5)were all ranked as SO_(4)^(2-)>NO_(3)^(-)>Cl^(-)>PO_(4)^(3-)in two cities.Higher levels of NH4+and lower levels of Na^(+),NO_(3)^(-),Cl-and PO_(4)^(3-)were observed in PM_(2.5)samples from Taiyuan compared with those in Shenzhen(P<0.05).Conclusion PM_(2.5)samples collected in Shenzhen and Taiyuan contain a variety of harmful metal elements;The air pollution in Taiyuan is more serious than that in Shenzhen,prevention and control should be further strengthened in Taiyuan.

关 键 词：PM_(2.5) 金属元素 阴离子 阳离子 大气污染 

分 类 号：R122.2[医药卫生—环境卫生学]