论投资者—国家间仲裁中的东道国当地救济规则——从《美墨加协定》切入  

Local Remedy Rules of the Host State in Investor-State Arbitration——From the Perspective of the US-Mexico-Canada Agreement

作　　者：宋俊荣 Song Junrong

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院国际法学院

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2021年第4期163-177,共15页Global Law Review

摘　　要：《美墨加协定》中的东道国当地救济规则有很多方面值得借鉴,但未明确仲裁庭对东道国司法判决的审查权限,并规定了较为严格的当地救济无效之判断标准。在国际仲裁实践中,投资者—国家间仲裁强制性前置程序应当包括司法救济,但仅限于以东道国国内法为依据提起的诉讼,应以"终局性"替代"用尽",并设置期限。同时,东道国司法判决在纯国内法事项上应具有既判力。投资协定未规定当地救济无效之例外的,可采用条约解释之进路解决。认定当地救济无效宜适用"明显无用"标准。可灵活设置当地救济规则的行业例外。我国应从五个方面对当地救济规则进行优化。The US-Mexico-Canada Agreement provides for local remedy rules that are worth learning by China in many respects. Nevertheless, it does not clearly define the arbitral tribunal’s power to review the judicial decisions made in the host state.In the practice of international arbitration, the mandatory procedural prerequisites for investor-state arbitration should include judicial remedy, which covers only lawsuits filed on the basis of the domestic law of the host state. The word "exhaustion" should be replaced by "obtaining final judgment". Moreover, certain time limit should be imposed on local lawsuits. At the same time, a final judicial decision should have the res judicata effect on issues in the exclusive domain of domestic law. The approach of treaty interpretation could be adopted to deal with the situation where an international investment treaty does not include a futility exception. The "obviously futile" standard should be adopted to determine whether local remedies are ineffective. There could be an exception based on certain industries. China should optimize the local remedy rules in five aspects.

关 键 词：投资者 东道国 当地救济 国际投资仲裁 《美墨加协定》 

分 类 号：D996.4[政治法律—经济法学]