数字普惠金融发展缓解了相对贫困吗?  

Can Digital Inclusive Finance Alleviate Relative Poverty?

作　　者：刘魏 张应良[2] 王燕[1] LIU Wei;ZHANG Ying-liang;WANG Yan(Research Center for Economy of Upper Reaches of the Yangtse River,Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing,400067,China;Research Center for rural economy and management,Southwest University,Chongqing,400715,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆工商大学长江上游经济研究中心,重庆400067 [2]西南大学农村经济与管理研究中心,重庆400715

出　　处：《经济管理》2021年第7期44-60,共17页Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“渝鄂湘黔边区相对贫困识别及长效治理机制研究”(20CGL050);国家社会科学基金重点项目“深入实施藏粮于地、藏粮于技战略的路径与政策研究”(21AZD032)。

摘　　要：在贫困研究进入相对贫困治理以及数字经济快速发展的双重背景下,探索相对贫困的数字化治理途径,对于构建相对贫困长效治理机制具有重要价值。基于中国家庭追踪调查2014—2018年的数据,将相对贫困区分为主观和客观两种类型,并运用条件混合过程(CMP)等研究方法,分析数字普惠金融对居民相对贫困的影响。结果表明,数字普惠金融指数每增加1%,客观相对贫困的发生概率下降2.12%,主观相对贫困的发生概率下降0.96%,表明数字普惠金融发展有效缓解了城乡居民的相对贫困状况,其作用机制在于数字普惠金融通过降低信贷成本、积累人力资本和社会资本缓解客观相对贫困,通过积累人力资本和社会资本缓解主观相对贫困。进一步从异质性视角分析发现,这种缓解效应存在城乡差异和年龄差异,由于"数字鸿沟"的存在,数字普惠金融对城市居民主客观相对贫困的缓解效应要强于农村居民,对60岁以下年龄群体主客观相对贫困的缓解效应要强于60岁及以上群体。Poverty governance,the world is safe.In 2020,Thanks to the joint efforts of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups,my country will win the battle against poverty in an all-round way,resolve overall regional poverty,complete the arduous task of eradicating absolute poverty,and fully realize the party’s first century-old goal.But getting rid of poverty and getting rid of hats is not the end,but the starting point for a new life and a new struggle.Our country’s poverty alleviation task will be fully shifted to the era of relative poverty governance.Under the dual background of poverty research entering the relative poverty governance and the rapid development of the digital economy,exploring the digital governance of relative poverty has important theoretical value for building a long-term governance mechanism for relative poverty.This article explores the impact of digital inclusive finance on the relative poverty of urban and rural residents in my country.The results show that the development of digital inclusive finance effectively reduces the incidence of objective relative poverty and subjective relative poverty.However,there are heterogeneity differences among different groups.The alleviation effect of Digital Inclusive Finance on urban residents’relative poverty is stronger than that of rural residents.At the same time,the mitigation effect of Digital Inclusive Finance on the subjective and objective relative poverty of people under 60 is also stronger than that of people aged 60 and above.From the perspective of transmission channels,digital inclusive finance has alleviated the objective relative poverty of residents through formal credit,informal credit,social capital,and human capital.At the same time,digital inclusive finance has alleviated the subjective relative poverty of residents through social capital and human capital.The research in this article reveals that although the development of the digital economy is not limited to poverty governance,it has a lot to do in the governance

关 键 词：数字普惠金融 主观相对贫困 客观相对贫困 数字鸿沟 

分 类 号：F061.3[经济管理—政治经济学]