301条款、301调查及关税措施在WTO下的合法性问题探析——以中美贸易战中的“美国——关税措施案”为视角  

Analysis on the Legality of Section 301,301 Investigation and Customs Measures Under the WTO Law:From the Perspective of“United States-Tariff Measures Case”in the Sino-US Trade War

作　　者：张军旗[1] Zhang Junqi

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学法学院

出　　处：《国际法研究》2021年第4期43-63,共21页Chinese Review of International Law

基　　金：作者主持的国家社会科学基金一般项目“‘逆全球化’风潮下国际贸易法治的困境、出路及中国的选择研究”(18BFX207)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要："美国——关税措施案"是中美贸易战中的关键争端。美国以301调查报告为基础对原产于中国的商品加征关税,被中国诉至WTO。在先决问题上,专家组未对301调查事项及关税措施是否属于WTO事项做出应有回应。关于被诉"措施二"中25%的关税是否属于本案专家组职权范围,专家组做出了正确结论,但存在法律适用方面的错误。专家组还适当地否定了美国关于"双方已经找到解决问题的方法"的主张。在主要问题上,专家组以举证不足为由认定美国的关税措施未满足公共道德例外的要求,从而违反了GATT1994第1条和第2条,其论证总体上合理有据。另外,从学术研究的角度看,301条款本身、本次301调查及关税措施均违反DSU第23条。“United States-Tariff Measures Case”is the key dispute in the Sino-US trade war.Based on the findings of investigation under Section 301,the US administration began to impose additional tariffs to the products originating in China,which was sued by China to WTO.On the preliminary problems,the panel of the dispute properly does not make a due response to whether China’s acts in 301 investigation and the tariff measures relate to WTO.The panel properly concludes that the additional 25%tariff in“Measure 2”is in the terms of reference of the panel,but errs in applying the rules when analyzing the problem.The panel also refuses the argument by the United States that“the parties to the dispute have reached a solution”.On the principal problems,the panel reasonably determines that,while the tariff measures at issue do not satisfy the requirements of public morals exception due to insufficient evidence,these measures violate Art.1 and Art.2 of GATT1994.Additionally,from the perspective of academic research,all of Section 301 itself,the 301 investigation against China and the tariff measures based on the investigation violate Art.23 of DSU.

关 键 词：中美贸易战 301条款 301调查 “美国——关税措施案” 合法性 

分 类 号：D996.1[政治法律—经济法学]