太平天国再评价-金田起义170周年之反思  

A Re-Evaluation of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom:Reflections on the 170th Anniversary of the Jintian Uprising

作　　者：夏春涛[1] Xia Chuntao

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学历史学院、中国社会科学院历史理论研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2021年第7期186-203,208,共19页Social Sciences in China

摘　　要：百余年来,关于太平天国的评价屡有变化。特别是近30年来,与过去溢美之词相反,出现把洪秀全和太平天国“妖魔化”、一味美化曾国藩和湘军的偏向,形成一种社会思潮。有论者甚至否定金田起义的正义性,从源头上否定太平天国。这是由多种因素叠加形成的,包括党情、国情的变化,中国近代史研究范式的变化,历史理论研究的弱化;尤其是太平天国研究由盛转衰,使学界无法及时、积极地作出回应。因此,学界要避免太平天国研究从显学沦为绝学;要以科学态度研究和看待太平天国,摆脱神化或“妖魔化”的简单化模式。Over the past century,scholarly evaluation of the Taiping Tianguo 太平天国(Taiping Heavenly Kingdom)has changed numerous times.The fulsome praise of the past has given way,over the past thirty years,to the emergence of an intellectual movement that demonizes Hong Xiuquan and the Taiping Rebellion and sings the praises of Zeng Guofan and the Hunan Army.Some have even denied the justice of the Jintian Uprising and completely rejected the Taiping Rebellion.This trend is due to many overlapping factors,including changes in the Party and in national conditions,changes in the paradigm of modern Chinese historical research,and the weakening of theoretical research on history.In particular,research on the Taiping Rebellion has gone from flourishing to a state of decline,leaving academics unable to respond in a timely and positive manner.Therefore,the academic community should avoid allowing Taiping Rebellion studies to go from being a dominant field of research to being an extinct discipline;they should study and view the Taiping Rebellion in a balanced manner,and abandon the simplistic choice between "deification"and"demonization."

关 键 词：洪秀全 太平天国 金田起义 曾国藩 湘军 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] K254.1[政治法律—中外政治制度]