电纺纤维在超级电容器中的应用  

Application of Electrospun Fibers in Supercapacitors

作　　者：李祥业 白天娇 翁昕 张冰 王珍珍 何铁石[1,2] Xiangye Li;Tianjiao Bai;Xin Weng;Bing Zhang;Zhenzhen Wang;Tieshi He(School of Chemistry&Materials Engineering,Bohai University,Jinzhou 121013,China;Liaoning Engineering Technology Center of Supercapacitor,Jinzhou 121000,China)

机构地区：[1]渤海大学化学与材料工程学院,锦州121013 [2]辽宁省超级电容器工程技术中心,锦州121000

出　　处：《化学进展》2021年第7期1159-1174,共16页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(No.2020YFF0413818);辽宁省自然科学基金项目(No.0518XN011,0519BS014);国家自然科学基金项目(No.21671025,21471021);辽宁省大学生创新创业训练计划(No.202010167019,S202010167045,S202010167046)资助。

摘　　要：对高性能超级电容器不断增长的需求促进了电极隔膜和电极材料的快速发展。静电纺丝法制备的纳米纤维具有较高的孔隙率、较好电化学活性、较大的表面积以及良好的结构稳定性等优点,已被广泛应用于超级电容器的隔膜和电极材料。本文简要综述了近年来电纺纳米纤维在超级电容器用隔膜和电极材料的研究进展;着重讨论了通过静电纺丝和其他后处理方法制备的碳基纳米纤维、碳基复合纳米纤维、导电聚合物基复合纳米纤维和金属氧化物纳米纤维等用于超级电容器的电极材料。研究表明,多孔结构的构建、活化处理以及杂原子掺杂可以提高碳纳米纤维的比表面积、电化学活性、润湿性和石墨化程度,从而增强其电化学性能。此外,通过共混、化学沉积和电化学沉积等方法,将碳纳米纤维与金属氧化物、导电聚合物结合,可以改善其电容、倍率性能和循环稳定性。最后,提出上述研究中存在的问题,并对未来静电纺丝纳米纤维材料在超级电容器的发展前景进行了展望。The increasing demand for high-performance supercapacitor has promoted the rapid development of separators and electrode materials.Recently,electrospun nanofibers have been widely used as separators and electrode materials of supercapacitor,which is due to the high porosity,high electrochemical activity,large specific surface area and good structural stability.In this survey,the recent research progress in separator membranes and electrode materials of supercapacitor is reviewed.The discussion focuses on obtaining electrode materials for supercapacitor by electrospinning and other post-processing methods,including carbon nanofibers,carbon-based composite nanofibers,conductive polymer-based composite and metal oxide nanofibers.These investigation demonstrate that pore structure construction,activation treatment,and heteroatom doping can improve the specific surface area,electrochemical activity,wettability,and graphitization degree of carbon nanofibers,furthermore the electrochemical properties of electrode materials are enhanced.Moreover,combining Progress in Chemistry,2021,33(7):1159~1174 carbon nanofibers with metal oxides,conductive polymers via blending,chemical deposition,electrochemical deposition,etc.,can also improve capacitance,rate performance,and cycling stabilities of electrode materials.In addition,the existing problems of the regarding studies are pointed out.Finally,the future developments of electrospun nanofiber materials in supercapacitor is prospected.

关 键 词：静电纺丝 超级电容器 纳米纤维 隔膜 电极 

分 类 号：TM53[电气工程—电器] TQ342[化学工程—化纤工业]