旨在治愈的建筑:18世纪到20世纪早期的苏格兰医院设计  

Architecture Designed to Cure:Hospital Design in Scotland fromthe Eighteenth to the Early Twentieth Century

作　　者： 刘佳欣(译) 闵凡祥(译) Harriet Richardson

机构地区：[1]爱丁堡大学 [2]南京大学 [3]南京大学历史学院

出　　处：《医疗社会史研究》2021年第1期136-163,318,共29页Journal of Social History of Medicine and Health

摘　　要：就设计而言,医院是最复杂的一类建筑。它们通常服务于不同需求的各色人群,拥有特定空间要求的各种功能。从18世纪到20世纪初,医院设计的关键在于遏制传染病、保持通风和卫生,也包括医院外观、环境和内部装饰等方面的建筑风格。最重要的是,医院建筑应为患者的治疗和护理提供合适的环境。这些都与医院财务密切相关,而财务问题也往往是医院发展曲折的根源。在许多情况下,资金问题导致建筑计划被削减、改变或转为分阶段进行。本文将详细考察两家爱丁堡医院的情况来讨论以上问题,并展示两个世纪中医院的设计和规划。皇家医院是一所主要针对急症和外科病例的综合医院,患者住院时间相对较短;皇家爱丁堡医院则旨在照顾精神病患者,其住院时间通常要长得多。Hospitals are some of the most complex buildings in terms of theirdesign.Often they are for large numbers of people with differing needs and housea variety of functions with specific spatial requirements.The key concerns running through hospital design from the eighteenth to the early twentieth centurieswere the containment of infectious disease,ventilation and sanitation,and appearance,both in terms of architectural style,setting and internal decoration.Above all,the building should provide a suitable environment for the cureand care of the patients.Overarching all of these was the matter of finance,s0often at the root of the myriad of twists and turns in a hospital's evolution,andin many cases resulting in schemes being pared down,altered or built in phasesas money allowed.This article will consider these ideas with reference to twohospitals that will be considered in greater detail are both in Edinburgh,demonstrating in the process developments in hospital design and planning over thistwo-century period.The Royal Infirmary,a general hospital primarily designedfor acute medical and surgical cases,where the patients’stay in hospital wasrelatively short;and the Royal Edinburgh Hospital,designed to care for patients suffering from mental illnesses,where the length of stay was usually muchlonger.

关 键 词：医院建筑 医院规划 疯人院 综合医院 苏格兰 

分 类 号：TU246.1[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]