慢性病高风险人群吸烟与二手烟暴露情况的调查研究  

A study on smoking and secondhand smoke exposure among people at high risk of chronic diseases

作　　者：周芳 蒋青青[1] 王甜甜 曹世义 Fang ZHOU;Qing-Qing JIANG;Tian-Tian WANG;Shi-Yi CAO(School of Public Health,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430030,China;Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学同济医学院公共卫生学院,武汉430030 [2]湖北省疾病预防控制中心,武汉430079

出　　处：《医学新知》2021年第4期243-248,共6页New Medicine

基　　金：中国疾病预防控制中心慢性病高风险人群健康管理项目。

摘　　要：目的了解慢性病高风险人群烟草使用、二手烟暴露、工作环境控烟、烟草危害知晓情况等,为进一步制定适合该人群烟草控制和健康管理的干预策略提供科学依据。方法采用体检筛查及问卷调查的形式对两家大型企事业单位的慢性病高风险人群开展烟草使用情况调查。运用描述性分析、卡方检验和秩和检验对数据进行统计分析。结果纳入868名慢性病高风险人群,5个慢性病高风险特征中检出率最高的是吸烟,占63.1%,其中男性吸烟的比例显著高于女性,差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=182.630,P<0.01)。随着年龄的增长,每天吸烟的比例呈上升趋势,56~60岁年龄组每天吸烟的比例最高,为64.3%。男性二手烟暴露情况显著高于女性,差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=11.979,P<0.01)。女性认为吸烟可导致严重疾病以及二手烟可导致冠心病和肺癌的比例显著高于男性(P<0.05)。部分有禁烟标识和控烟相关宣传较多的地方仍存在吸烟及二手烟暴露的情况。结论慢性病高风险人群中吸烟比率较高,且该人群二手烟暴露、烟草危害知晓情况不容乐观。应进一步扩大禁烟标识覆盖率、加强烟草危害相关知识普及水平、推进相关法律法规的出台与执行,降低吸烟率和二手烟暴露率。Objective To ascertain tobacco use,secondhand smoke exposure,work environment tobacco control,and awareness of tobacco hazards in groups at high-risk of chronic diseases,providing scientific basis for further formulating intervention strategies suitable for tobacco control and health management for this population.Methods A questionnaire survey and physical examinations were used to investigate the tobacco situation of groups at high-risk of chronic diseases in two large enterprises and institutions.Descriptive data analysis was performed using chi-square test and rank sum test.Results A total of 868 participants were included in the study.The characteristic with the highest detection rate was smoking,accounting for 63.1%.The proportion of men who smoke was significantly higher than that of women,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=182.630,P<0.01).The percentage of people at high risk for chronic diseases who smoke daily tends to rise with age,and the highest proportion of daily smoking was in the 56-60 age group.Among the groups at high-risk of chronic diseases,exposure to secondhand smoke was significantly higher in men than women,this was statistically significant(χ^(2)=11.979,P<0.01).The proportion of women who believed that smoking could cause serious diseases and that secondhand smoking could cause coronary heart disease and lung cancer was significantly higher than that of men(P<0.05).The methods of tobacco control were not very effective,although there were anti-smoking signs and tobacco control related publicity.Conclusion The smoking rate among groups at high-risk of chronic diseases was relatively high,and the status of secondhand smoke exposure and awareness of tobacco hazards was not the best.Measures such as the use of non-smoking signs,raising the level of knowledge about tobacco hazards,and the introduction and enforcement of relevant laws and regulations should be further promoted to reduce smoking rates and secondhand smoke exposure rates.

关 键 词：慢性病 风险 吸烟 二手烟 

分 类 号：R163[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]