外源增施CO_(2)对茄子生长及光合特性的影响  

Effects of Elevated CO_(2) Application on the Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Eggplant

作　　者：许小勇[1] 武佩琪 张新岭 张效宁 侯雷平[1] 李梅兰[1] XU Xiaoyong;WU Peiqi;ZHANG Xinling;ZHANG Xiaoning;HOU Leiping;LI Meilan(College of Horticulture,Shanxi Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increasing Profits of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi,Taigu,Shanxi 030801;Zhengzhou Vegetable Research Institute,Zhengzhou,Henan 450015)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学园艺学院,山西省设施蔬菜提质增效协同创新中心,山西太谷030801 [2]郑州市蔬菜研究所,河南郑州450015

出　　处：《北方园艺》2021年第14期65-73,共9页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：山西省煤基重点科技攻关资助项目(FT201402-11,FT201402-06);山西省重点研发专项资助项目(201703D211001-04-01)。

摘　　要：以6个茄子品种为试材,通过在日光温室内外源增施CO_(2),观测其在(800±50)μmol·mol^(-1)的高浓度CO_(2)条件下的生理和光合特性变化差异,研究其对茄子生长发育及光合作用的影响,以期为茄子CO_(2)施肥技术的应用以及高CO_(2)浓度下的新品种选育提供参考依据。结果表明:外源增施CO_(2)可促进茄子生长,株高和株幅较对照分别提高34%和14%以上。6个茄子品种叶片光合参数发生显著变化,但也存在一定的差异,其中,拟合CO_(2)饱和点和补偿点分别在529.21 565.4μmol·mol^(-1)和33.667.2μmol·mol^(-1)范围变动,以Sm05的2个指标值最大;而最大净光合速率较对照提高了13.32%102.03%、光饱和点均显著增加了28.76%171.42%,而光补偿点较对照减少10.00%以上。结果特性及产量方面,除了Sm03由于结果数的显著减少导致产量下降之外,其余几个品种的果实大小及产量均显著增加,其中Sm05增产最显著,高达45.8%左右。进一步对产量差异较大的Sm03和Sm05果实可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖及有机酸含量测定,其结果也表现出显著性差异。综上所述,外源增施CO_(2)通过提高茄子叶片的净光合效率,促进茄子生长发育,改善营养品质,但是不同品种间也存在着一定的差异。Six eggplant varieties were used as test materials, and the differences in physiological and photosynthetic characteristics were observed under the conditions of(800±50)μmol·mol^(-1) high concentration CO_(2) by increasing CO_(2) in and out of the solar greenhouse.Its effects on eggplant growth and photosynthesis were studied, in order to provide a reference for the application of eggplant CO_(2) fertilization technology and the selection of new varieties under high CO_(2) concentration.The results showed that compared with the control, elevated CO_(2) could promote the growth of some eggplant varieties.The plant height and width of six eggplant varieties were increased by 34% and 14%,respectively.The photosynthetic parameters of the leaves were changed significantly with some differences.The fitted CO_(2) saturation point and compensation point varied in a range of 529.2^(-1) 565.4 μmol·mol^(-1) and 33.6-67.2 μmol·mol^(-1),the two index values of Sm05 were both the largest;and the maximum net photosynthetic rate increased by 13.32%^(-1)02.03% compared with the control, the light saturation point were significantly increased by 28.76%^(-1)71.42%,and the light compensation point decreased over 10.00%.In the terms of fruiting characteristics and product yield, except for Sm03 which resulted in a decrease in yield due to a significant reduction in fruit number, the fruit size and yield of the other varieties were all increased significantly, of which the yield of Sm05 increased mostly, up to about 45.8%.Furthermore, the determination results of the soluble protein,soluble sugar and organic acid content of Sm03 and Sm05 fruits with large yield differences were also showed significant differences.In conclusion,elevated CO_(2) can increase the photosynthetic efficiency of eggplant leaves,promote the growth and development of eggplant,and improves nutritional quality,although there are also certain differences between different varieties.

关 键 词：茄子 CO_(2)施肥 生长 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S641.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]