汉语“波罗盖(膝)”的来源——兼谈汉语与非汉语的深层接触  

The Source of polokai ’knee’ in Chinese:Deep Contact between the Chinese and Non-Chinese Languages

作　　者：徐丹 XU Dan(INALCO,63 rue des Grands Moulins 75013 Paris,France)

机构地区：[1]INALCO,63 rue des Grands Moulins 75013 Paris,France

出　　处：《民族语文》2021年第3期25-37,共13页Minority Languages of China

基　　金：欧盟研究委员会(European Research Council(ERC)Horizon 2020 ERC-2019-Ad G 883700-TRAM);法国国家科研基金ANR-18-CE27-0013的资助。

摘　　要：本文提出现在广泛分布在中国北方方言中的"波罗盖(膝)"一词,其来源不是汉语自身的词,而是源自北方民族的一个底层词汇。该词传播的方式大概是通过女真化的通古斯人群传过来的。历史材料表明,女真人、满族的形成融汇了多元的"部落"成分。语言学的材料显示,汉语北方方言p-l-k"波罗盖(膝)"的模式很可能来自通古斯语b-l-g(膝)的模式。而通古斯语的构词方式与其北部地区其他游牧、渔猎民族的语言有深刻的关联。该词很可能与这些语言古老的词根bul-/pal-有同源关系。This paper proposes that the word polokai ’knee’,widely distributed in the dialects of northern China,did not have its source in the Chinese language itself,but come from substrate languages spoken by northern populations.It was probably transmitted through the Jurchenized Tungusic people.Historical documents show that during the formation of the Jurchen and Manchu,diverse tribes had been integrated into them.The linguistic data shows that the p-l-k(polokai ’knee’) pattern in the northern Chinese dialects is likely to be related to the b-l-g ’knee’ pattern in Tungusic languages.The morphological means observed in Tungusic languages may have a deep connection with that found in languages of nomadic,fishing-hunting populations in the North.This word is probably linked to a cognate root bul-/pal-shared between these ancient languages.

关 键 词：波罗盖(膝) 通古斯语 底层词 

分 类 号：H172.1[语言文字—汉语]