从连读变调的能产性与听觉启动效应看变调词的底层表征  

Underlying Representations of Tone Sandhi Words:Evidence from Productivity and Auditory Priming

作　　者：张杰[1] ZHANG Jie(the Linguistics Department at the University of Kansas,USA)

机构地区：[1]堪萨斯大学语言学系

出　　处：《当代语言学》2021年第3期324-341,共18页Contemporary Linguistics

摘　　要：如何解释语素变体是音系理论中的关键问题之一。本文以连读变调为例,对生成音系学中基于语素变体的底层表征进行考证。从对连读变调的能产性及变调词的听觉启动效应的研究,我们将看到连读变调的具体形式对其底层表征起了决定性作用:基于表层配列规则的连读变调以本调为底层表征,因此这一类变调具有能产性,而本调也能影响说话人在词汇辨识中的加工行为;无法由表层配列规则触发的连读变调则更有可能以变调为底层表征,因此这一类变调不具一般意义上的能产性,所谓的"本调"也对词汇辨识不起作用。这类研究不仅对生成音系理论中的底层表征及底层到表层的映射机制提供了更直接的证据,也对心理语言学中的言语产出及听觉词汇辨识模型提供了启示。The treatment of alternation is a key issue in the phonological theory.In this paper,we investigate the role of the underlying representation when there is alternation,with tone sandhi in three dialects of Chinese-Mandarin,Taiwan Residents Southern Min,and Hailu Hakka-as test cases.Evidence for the underlying representations of tone sandhi words comes from two types of experiments:productivity experiments,in which native speakers of these dialects were asked to produce novel words that could undergo the tone sandhi patterns,and auditory lexical decision experiments with auditory priming,in which native-speaker participants judged the wordhood of tone-sandhi-undergoing disyllabic items under different monosyllabic priming conditions.The experimental results in the three dialects indicated that the underlying representation of a tone sandhi word is crucially influenced by a formal property of the sandhi pattern.A tone sandhi pattern that can be motivated by a surface phonotactic generalization,e.g.,Mandarin third-tone sandhi and tone sandhi in Hailu Hakka,has the base tone as the underlying representation;the sandhi pattern tends to be productive in novel words,and the base tone is accessed in spoken word recognition.A tone sandhi pattern that cannot be motivated by surface phonotactics,e.g.,the circular chain shift in Taiwan Residents Southern Min,has the sandhi tone as the underlying representation;the sandhi pattern is generally unproductive,and the base tone plays no role in spoken word recognition.This type of research provides empirical tests for the underlying representations and the mapping mechanism between underlying and surface representations posited in generative phonology.It indicates that the underlying representations of tone sandhi words are sometimes identical to those assumed in traditional generative analysis,but sometimes more akin to surface representations in the analysis,suggesting the necessity to rethink the analysis.The research also contributes to the development of psycholinguistic mode

关 键 词：连读变调 语素变体 底层表征 能产性 听觉启动效应 

分 类 号：H116[语言文字—汉语] H177.2H176