从跨语言语料看语音单位与音系范畴的区别和互补  

An Analysis of the Differences and Complementation of Phonetic Forms and Phonological Categories Based on Cross-linguistic Data

作　　者：张吉生 ZHANG Jisheng(linguistics at both Inner Mongolian Hongde College of Arts and Sciences and East China Normal University)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古鸿德文理学院 [2]华东师范大学外语学院

出　　处：《当代语言学》2021年第3期449-465,共17页Contemporary Linguistics

摘　　要：语音单位和音系范畴是分析研究语音系统常见的两个概念,语音单位反映的是语音表层实现的具体形式,往往通过实验语音分析或对语言的观察获得;音系范畴反映的是语言的音系结构中具有区别性的抽象单位,往往是抽象音系分析的结果。语音单位与音系范畴的关系反映的就是语音学与音系学的关系,两者既有区别又有联系。语音学研究细节,音系学研究范畴。语音分析是音系分析的基础,多数音系变化都有发音语音机制的理据,抽象的音系分析通常需要以语音事实为基础,语音单位也是音系表达的最后语音实现形式。而具体的语音描写也往往需要通过音系的抽象分析才能认清事物的本质,通过范畴化来实现语言学意义。总体而言,语音单位与音系范畴各司其职,既不同又互补。Phonetic forms and phonological categories are two common concepts in the study of the sound system of language. Phonetic forms are the surface phonetic implementations of language, obtained through experimental phonetic analysis or observation of language, while phonological categories are distinctive abstract units in phonological structure of language, perceived through abstract phonological analysis. The relations between phonetic forms and phonological categories are those between phonetics and phonology, the former focusing on details while the latter on categories. However, there are different opinions of and attitudes toward the relations between phonetics and phonology. Some think phonology decides phonetics while others think the opposite way.Some think phonetics and phonology are mutually complementary while others think they are totally different. After observing and analyzing substantial cross-linguistic data, this paper has demonstrated the relations between phonetics and phonology. On the one hand,abstract phonological analysis is based on concrete phonetic description. For example,abstract phonological features are defined in terms of articulatory or acoustic phonetics.Most phonological processes and changes are motivated by articulatory mechanism,including assimilations, dissimilations, deletions and insertions, which can be well explained in phonetic terms. Furthermore, phonetic forms are also the final realizations of phonological representations. On the other hand, abstract phonological analysis categorizes concrete phonetic details to realize linguistic functions and to reveal the nature of sound system, which can be exemplified by many cross-linguistic phenomena, including the different structures of African and Chinese contour tones, and the explanation of tone sandhi rules. Besides, there are also some cases in which analysis based on phonetic details and that based on phonological abstraction may arrive at different or even contrary conclusions. In short, phonetic forms and phonological c

关 键 词：语音单位 音系范畴 互补 

分 类 号：H01[语言文字—语言学]