高超声速喷管设计理论与方法  

A review of theories and methods for hypersonic nozzle design

作　　者：汪运鹏 姜宗林[1] WANG Yunpeng;JIANG Zonglin(State Key Laboratory of High Temperature Gas Dynamics,Institute of Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院力学研究所,高温气体动力学国家重点实验室,北京100190

出　　处：《力学进展》2021年第2期257-294,共38页Advances in Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11672357,11727901)资助项目。

摘　　要：在高超声速飞行技术领域,特别是涉及到高焓气体流动的研究,高超声速风洞试验仍然是目前最可靠的研究手段.风洞流场的品质是高超声速风洞研发最重要的一项性能指标,其取决于喷管设计采用的理论与方法,也是风洞设计最关注的一项核心技术.针对二维轴对称型面喷管设计,本文首先综述了传统高超声速喷管设计的主要理论和常用方法,它们在高超声速喷管设计中曾经发挥了重要作用,包括理论方法,近似方法和基于两者的修正方法.然后,考虑高温气体效应,分析了高焓喷管设计时面临的困难与问题,从流动介质物性变化、高温边界层发展和非平衡过程效应三方面,综述了国内外在高超声速高焓喷管设计方面的研究进展.最后,对于高焓喷管的设计理论和方法的发展作了展望,期望对于推动我国高超声速高焓喷管设计技术的发展提供一些有意义的启示.In the field of hypersonic flight technology, especially the study of high-enthalpy flows, the hypersonic wind tunnel test, at present, is still the most reliable and convenient research method. For the development of hypersonic wind tunnels, one of the most important performance indicators is the uniform flow quality, which depends on the theories and methods of hypersonic nozzle design, and is the core technique of wind tunnel design. For the design of a two-dimensional axisymmetric contour nozzle, this paper first reviews the main theories and traditional design methods that have played an important role in the design of hypersonic nozzles, including the theoretical methods, the approximate methods, and the correction methods for both. Then, due to the high-temperature gas effects, the difficulties and problems faced in the design of high-enthalpy nozzles are analyzed in detail. In terms of the changes in the physical properties of the test gases, the development of high-temperature boundary-layer, and the effects of nonequilibrium processes, this paper also reviews the domestic and foreign research progresses in the design of hypersonic and high-enthalpy nozzles. Finally, the development of theory and method for designing the high-enthalpy nozzle is prospected, and we expect it to promote the development of hypersonic nozzle design technology in China.

关 键 词：高超声速 高焓气体 激波风洞 喷管设计 真实气体效应 

分 类 号：V211.751[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]