低水平二氯甲烷接触工人职业健康风险定量评估  

Quantitative assessment of occupational health risks in workers exposed to low-level dichloromethane

作　　者：陈琳[1] 岑子博[1] 袁豪乾 刘移民[1] 李旭东[2] 梁嘉斌[1] CHEN Lin;CEN Zi-bo;YUAN Hao-qian;LIU Yi-min;LI Xu-dong;LIANG Jia-bin(Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Hospital,Guangzhou,Guangdong 51000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]广州市职业病防治院,广东广州510620 [2]广东省职业病防治院,广东省职业病防治重点实验室,广东广州510300

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2021年第2期163-166,共4页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：广东省医学科学技术研究基金(A2019426,C2020093);广州市“121人才梯队工程”后备人才项目(穗卫科教〔2015〕3号);广州市卫生健康科技项目(20191A010037)。

摘　　要：目的定量评估低水平二氯甲烷接触工作岗位的非致癌风险和致癌风险。方法采用典型抽样方法,选择某发动机厂和某汽车零部件厂为研究对象,对其进行危害识别和危害特征评估后,采用非致癌风险评估法和致癌风险评估法对工作场所二氯甲烷的职业健康风险进行定量评估。结果2家企业8个DCM工作岗位空气中DCM短时间接触浓度最高为43.6 mg/m^(3),均低于行动水平300.0 mg/m^(3)(即我国职业接触限值的一半)。在此前提下,非致癌风险评估结果显示,8个工作岗位作业工人经吸入DCM导致的非致癌风险均为不可接受风险;致癌风险评估结果显示,8个工作岗位作业工人经吸入DCM导致的致癌风险均为可接受风险。结论低水平DCM接触可对作业工人造成不可接受的职业健康风险。定量风险评估可适用于接触低水平化学物的职业健康风险评估。Objective To quantitatively evaluate the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of low-level dichloromethane(DCM)exposure.Methods A typical sampling method was used to select workers from an engine factory and an automobile parts factory as the research subjects.After hazard identification and hazard characteristic assessment,the occupational health risks of DCM in the workplace were quantitatively assessed by non-carcinogenic risk assessment and carcinogenic risk assessment.Results The highest exposure concentration of short-term of DCM was 43.6 mg/m^(3) in the air of eight DCM job posts in these two enterprises,which was lower than the operational level of 300.0 mg/m^(3)(half of the occupational exposure limit in China).Under this premise,the non-carcinogenic risk assessment results showed that the non-carcinogenic risk caused by inhalation of DCM was unacceptable in workers of these eight job posts.The results of carcinogenic risk assessment showed that the carcinogenic risk caused by inhalation of DCM was acceptable for all the workers in these eight job posts.Conclusion Lowlevel DCM exposure can cause unacceptable occupational health risks to workers.Quantitative risk assessment can be applied to assess exposure to low-level chemicals.

关 键 词：二氯甲烷 职业健康 风险评估 定量评估 致癌风险 

分 类 号：R135.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生]