神农架大九湖两种鲤科鱼重金属污染状况分析  

Evaluation of Heavy Metal Contamination in Two Cyprinid Species in Dajiuhu Wetland,Shennongjia

作　　者：楚禄建 杨晓菁[1] 刘金铃[2] 莫家勇 CHU Lu-jian;YANG Xiao-jing;LIU Jin-ling;MO Jia-yong(School of Environmental Studies,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,P.R.China;School of Earth Sciences,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,P.R.China;Shennongjia National Park Administration,Shennongjia 442400,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]中国地质大学(武汉)地球科学学院,湖北武汉430074 [3]神农架国家公园管理局,湖北神农架林区442400

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2021年第4期76-83,共8页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：湖北省对外科技合作项目(2016AHB013)。

摘　　要：湖北神农架大九湖湿地是华中地区面积最大、海拔最高的高山湿地。为了解鱼类重金属污染状况,评估湿地水环境质量,以湖中两种常见鲤科鱼类鲫(Carassius auratus)和麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)为研究对象,共采集鲫32尾、麦穗鱼75尾,对两种鱼类的肌肉及鲫不同部位的锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、铅(Pb)、砷(As)、汞(Hg)重金属含量进行检测和分析,并采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法评价鱼体重金属污染状况。结果表明,大九湖麦穗鱼肌肉(湿重)中的Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg含量(22.441、0.035、0.210、0.109 mg/kg)均显著高于鲫肌肉(湿重)中相应的含量(16.240、0.008、0.072、0.082 mg/kg)(P<0.05)。综合污染指数分析表明,麦穗鱼肌肉的综合污染水平为轻度污染,鲫为无污染。与国内其他地区水域相比,大九湖鲫肌肉的Hg含量相对较高,这与大九湖独特的高山湿地环境有关。鲫的鱼鳃、消化道、生殖腺和肌肉中的重金属含量差异明显(P<0.05),其中Hg在肌肉中含量最高,其余重金属均在消化道中含量最高。大九湖鲫和麦穗鱼肌肉As含量(0.135 mg/kg和0.153 mg/kg)均超出食品安全国家标准,但估算得出当地成人重金属摄入量均未超过国际规定的可耐受摄入量(PTWI),两种鱼的食用安全风险总体较低。Dajiuhu wetland of Shennongjia is the largest and highest alpine wetland in central China and is important for conserving water sources for the South-to-North Water Diversion Project.In this study,two common Cyprinid species(Carassius auratus and Pseudorasbora parva)in Dajiuhu wetland were selected as environmental indicators and heavy metal contamination of the two species was investigated using the single factor pollution index and the comprehensive Nemerow heavy metal pollution index.The health risk of fish consumption was assessed by comparing estimated weekly heavy metal intake per capita to the provisional tolerable weekly intake(PTWI).The objective was to provide scientific evidence for early warning and risk control of heavy metal pollution in Dajiuhu wetland.In November 2016,April,July and November 2017,April and July 2018,32 C.auratus and 75 P.parva specimens were collected in Lakes 1-5 of Dajiuhu wetland.The content of Zn,Cu,Cd,Cr,Pb,As and Hg were measured in the gill,digestive tract,gonad and muscle of C.auratus and in the muscle of P.parva.Concentrations of Zn,Cd,Cr and Hg(22.441、0.035、0.210、0.109 mg/kg)in the muscle of P.parva were significantly higher than those in the muscle of C.auratus(16.240、0.008、0.072、0.082 mg/kg).Heavy metal concentrations varied significantly among tissue types(gill,digestive tract,gonad and muscle)of C.auratus.Hg content was the highest in muscle,while Zn,Cu,Cd,Cr,Pb,As were highest in the digestive tract.The Nemerow comprehensive heavy metal pollution index for the two species shows that the muscle tissue of P.parva in Dajiuhu wetland is slightly contaminated,but the muscle tissue of C.auratus is not.The concentration of Hg in the muscle of C.auratus from Dajiuhu wetland was higher than levels found in other study areas and attributed to the unique alpine environment.Although the concentration of As in the muscle of C.auratus 0.315 mg/kg and P.parva 0.315 mg/kg exceeded the maximum level stipulated by national regulations,the estimated dietary exposures of he

关 键 词：神农架 大九湖 鲫 麦穗鱼 重金属含量 

分 类 号：Q175[生物学—水生生物学] X592[生物学—普通生物学]