废旧聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料的降解回收及再利用  

Degradation Recovery and Reuse of Waste Polyurethane Rigid Foams

作　　者：顾晓华[1] 吕士伟 刘思雯 王佳佳 康媛媛 GU Xiaohua;LYU Shiwei;LIU Siwen;WANG Jiajia;KANG Yuanyuan(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Qiqihar University,Qiqihar 161006,China;Shanghai Crane City Polymer Technology Co,Ltd,Shanghai 201615,China)

机构地区：[1]齐齐哈尔大学材料科学与工程学院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006 [2]上海鹤城高分子科技有限公司,上海201615

出　　处：《中国塑料》2021年第8期105-111,共7页China Plastics

基　　金：黑龙江省教育厅项目(135409301);齐齐哈尔市科技局项目(GYGG201902);齐齐哈尔大学研究生创新基金项目(YJSCX2019063);黑龙江省大学生创新创业训练项目(202010232240、202010232259)。

摘　　要：采用双组分醇解剂乙二醇(EG)和丙二醇(PG)对废旧聚氨酯(PU)硬质泡沫塑料进行降解,获得了降解产物低聚物多元醇,并将其与木质素为原料制备出再生聚氨酯(r‐PU)硬质泡沫塑料复合材料。利用导热系数测定仪、扫描电子显微镜、热重分析仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪等对废旧PU的降解效果和r‐PU硬质泡沫复合材料的压缩强度、吸水率、导热系数、微观形貌及热稳定性等进行了分析和表征。结果表明,双组分醇解剂EG和PG质量比(mEG:mPG)为2:3时,废旧PU的降解效果最佳;当木质素添加量为6%(质量分数,下同)时制备r‐PU硬质泡沫复合材料的泡沫孔壁较厚且比较均匀,骨架几何构型完整,其压缩强度为185.3 kPa、导热系数为0.0215 W/(m·K),均能够达到国家标准要求。The two‐component alcoholysis agents,ethylene glycol(EG)and propylene glycol(PG),were used to de‐grade the waste polyurethane(PU)rigid foams to obtain a degradation product,oligomer polyol.This degradation prod‐uct was further used together with lignin as raw materials to prepare the composite materials based on the recycled poly‐urethane(r‐PU)rigid foams.The degradation effect of PU products and the compressive strength,water absorption,thermal conductivity,microscopic morphology and stability heat of r‐PU composite materials were investigated using thermal conductivity tester,scanning electron microscope,thermogravimetric analyzer,and Fourier‐transform infrared spectrometer.The results indicated that the waste PU achieved an optimal degradation effect at a mass ratio of EG to PG of 2∶3(mEG∶mPG).The foam cell wall was thick and relatively uniform,and the skeleton geometry was complete.The compressive strength of r‐PU composites was 185.3 kPa and its thermal conductivity was 0.0215 W/(m·K).These da‐ta can meet the requirements of national standards.

关 键 词：废旧聚氨酯硬质泡沫 降解 醇解剂 回收 再利用 木质素 

分 类 号：TQ323.8[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]