黄土高原地区流域生态空间管控模式  

Governance pattern of basin ecological space in Loess Plateau of China

作　　者：张令达 侯全华[1] 段亚琼[1] Zhang Lingda;Hou Quanhua;Duan Yaqiong(School of Architecture,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710061,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学建筑学院,西安710061

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第10期206-213,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划项目(2020SF-395);陕西省社科界2020年度重大理论与现实问题研究项目(SX-432);陕西省哲学社会科学重大理论与现实问题研究项目(2021ND0458)。

摘　　要：流域尺度的生态空间管控是落实黄土高原地区高质量发展的重要空间蓝图,充分体现了中国生态空间规划与管控思路的转变。该研究为解决黄土高原地区流域生态空间管控低效、无序开发的难题,通过梳理国土空间规划下的流域生态空间管控内涵特征,提出了基于生态水文过程的流域生态空间管控研究框架,从要素与分区两个层面构建了“水文过程刚性约束,生态要素弹性管控”的要素管控模式以及“纵向分层传导,横向制约管控”三层双向的流域生态空间分区管控模式。通过在旬邑三水河流域进行实践应用,从“空间结构布局-片区功能指引-单元指标控制”的管控途径入手,划分3级生态空间分区,梳理出75条生态廊道,提出3种村庄类型;同时确定了三大功能片区及21个管控单元;最后以C-04管控单元为例,将土地利用、村庄发展、景观格局及水文过程等控制指标及指引策略进行整合与落位,可为三水河流域生态空间修复与综合治理提供决策依据。研究结果对黄土高原地区的生态环境改善提供了科学的方法指引,有利于提高中国流域尺度下的国土空间管控的操作性与实施性。The governance pattern of basin ecological space is an important spatial blueprint to implement high-quality development in the Loess Plateau in China.The rapid economic development at the expense of natural ecological resources has posed a serious threat to the high-quality development of land and space,such as imbalance of spatial pattern,inefficient utilization of resources,and degradation of ecological functions.The Loess Plateau is one of the areas with the most serious soil erosion.There is a long-term impact of soil conservation in the Loess Plateau with the unique hydrology,climate,and geomorphology on the ecological security of the Yellow River,and the sustainable development of regional communities.Therefore,the basin ecological space control model is one of the most important approaches to deal with the ecological and environmental challenges in the Loess Plateau.The concept of ecological space was first introduced into China in the 1990s.The spatial relationship began to draw much attention in the ecosystem,including scale,spatial pattern,and mosaic dynamics.Since then,various concepts have emerged continuously,such as ecological security patterns,ecological zoning,ecological corridors,and ecological networks.Most control models of ecological space were dominated by the spatial pattern,boundary,relationship,and control rules.The ecological space on spatial planning can be used for the regional ecological environment and comprehensive evaluation from multiple dimensions,such as ecological service,sensitivity,carrying capacity,and disaster risk.Two main types can be divided,such as the zoning and element type.The ecological space control has presented much more comprehensive,diversified,different and systematic features in recent years.However,a previous ecological space system failed to realize the zoning and factor coordination suitable for the complex ecological process and the spatial positioning of regional control contents at different scales.A basic paradigm was normally selected to explore the r

关 键 词：生态 流域 分区 要素 水文 管控模式 黄土高原 

分 类 号：TU984.1[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]