氮肥用量对豫南稻麦轮作区小麦灌浆特性及产量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Grain Filling Characteristics and Yield of Wheat in Rice-wheat Rotation Area Southern Henan

作　　者：尹志刚 李刚 李宇峰 杜元中 陈振 朱保磊 蓝黎明 周国勤 石守设 YIN Zhi-gang;LI Gang;LI Yu-feng(Xinyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinyang,Henan 464000)

机构地区：[1]信阳市农业科学院,河南信阳464000 [2]罗山县农业科学研究所,河南信阳464200

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2021年第16期168-170,229,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省小麦产业技术体系项目(Z2010-01-01);国家小麦产业技术体系(CARS-03-05B)。

摘　　要：为豫南稻麦轮作区品种选用和小麦高产栽培的施氮水平提供理论依据,在大田试验条件下,以小麦品种信麦9号(多穗型弱春性品种)和扬麦15(大穗型春性品种)为材料,设置120 kg/hm^(2)(N1)、225 kg/hm^(2)(N2)和330 kg/hm^(2)(N3)3个施氮水平,分析施氮量对2种基因型小麦群体动态、灌浆特性和产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明,施氮量增加,小麦越冬期至成熟期的群体总茎数随之增加,具体表现为N3>N2>N1,但品种间差异明显,信麦9号越冬期后的群体总茎数均显著高于扬麦15,显示了信麦9号良好的分蘖成穗能力。不同施氮处理下,2种基因型小麦灌浆过程中穗粒干质量变化均呈慢-快-慢的变化趋势,随着施氮量增加,成熟期的穗粒质量呈降低趋势,具体表现为N1>N2>N3,其中,扬麦15穗粒质量较信麦9号下降更为明显。各施氮处理中以N3处理的产量最高,具体表现为N3>N2>N1,且N3处理与N2、N1处理差异显著,品种间差异表现为信麦9号各施氮处理穗数均高于扬麦15,但穗粒数和千粒重均显著低于扬麦15。Effects of nitrogen rate on population dynamics,grain filling characteristics,yield and components of two wheat genotypes were studied in order to provide theoretical basis for variety adoption and high-yield cultivation of wheat in rice-wheat rotation area southern Henan.Wheat varieties Xinmai 9(multi spike weak spring variety)and Yangmai 15(large spike spring variety)were selected as the research object in three nitrogen levels of 120 kg/hm^(2)(N1),225 kg/hm^(2)(N2)and 330 kg/hm^(2)(N3)under field condition.The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen application rate,the total stem number of wheat increased from setting stage to mature stage,which was N3>N2>N1.However,there were significant differences among varieties.The total stem number of Xinmai 9 was significantly higher than that of Yangmai 15,indicating that Xinmai 9 had good tillering and panicle forming ability.Different nitrogen application treatments,two wheat genotypes showed slow to fast to solw change during the filling process and the ear and grain quality showed a downward trend,which was N1>N2>N3.The panicle and grain quality of wheat variety Yangmai 15 decreased more obviously than that of Xinmai 9 at mature stage.The yield of N3 treatment was the highest,and the difference was significant between N3 treatment and N2,N1 treatment.It displays as N3>N2>N1.The spike number of Xinmai 9 was higher than Yangmai 15,but the grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight were significantly lower than Yangmai 15.

关 键 词：稻麦轮作 施氮量 穗粒质量 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]