2016-2018年厦门市14岁以下儿童伤害流行病学特征  

Epidemiological characteristics of injuries among children under 14 years of age in Xiamen City, 2016-2018

作　　者：陈洁 陈国伟[1] 伍啸青[1] 张卓平 张琼花 张金华[1] CHEN Jie;CHEN Guo-wei;WU Xiao-qing;ZHANG Zhuo-ping;ZHANG Qiong-hua;ZHANG Jin-hua(Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xiamen,Fujian 361021,China;Huli District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xiamen,Fujian 361006,China;Jimei District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xiamen,Fujian 361022,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门市疾病预防控制中心,福建厦门361021 [2]厦门市湖里区疾病预防控制中心,福建厦门361006 [3]厦门市集美区疾病预防控制中心,福建厦门361022

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2021年第8期897-900,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：中国疾控中心委托全国伤害监测工作项目。

摘　　要：目的了解厦门市14岁以下儿童伤害流行病学特征,为开展儿童伤害防制工作提供科学依据。方法收集、分析2016年1月1日-2018年12月31日首诊于厦门市伤害监测哨点医院的0~14岁儿童伤害病例,分析伤害流行病学特征。结果共收集病例70 239例,男女比例1.763∶1;1~3岁年龄组伤害发生例数最高,共25 636例(36.50%);伤害发生地点主要为家中(52.34%);伤害原因以跌倒/坠落(55.46%)和钝器伤(18.69%)为主;伤害性质方面,前四位依次是挫伤/擦伤(48.23%)、锐器伤/咬伤/开放伤(19.51%)、扭伤/拉伤(13.37%)和骨折(11.03%);伤害部位则主要集中在头部(41.44%)和上下肢(32.46%、17.88%);伤害严重程度以轻度(75.18%)为主;伤害意图以非故意为主(95.97%);伤害结局以处理后离院(98.42%)为主。不同性别伤害发生的原因不同(χ^(2)=75.760,P<0.001);不同年龄段的伤害原因、伤害性质、伤害部位、伤害严重程度、伤害意图和伤害结局差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=799.204,χ^(2)=1 898.434,χ^(2)=3 385.066,χ^(2)=145.200,χ^(2)=362.855,χ^(2)=17.879,P<0.05)。结论不同年龄别、性别儿童的伤害流行病学特征不同,应就各自特点采取相应的预防措施。Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of injuries among children under 14 years of age in Xiamen City, and to provide a scientific basis for conducting injury preventive and control work for children. Methods We collected and analyzed the injury cases aged 0-14 years and first diagnosed at injury monitoring sentinel hospitals in Xiamen from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018. And the epidemiological characteristics of injuries were analyzed. Results A total of 70,239 cases were collected, and the male to female ratio was 1.763:1. Most of the cases were children aged 1-3 years, with a total of 25,636(36.50%) cases. The injury cases mainly occurred at home(52.34%). The main causes of injuries were drop/fall(55.46%) and blunt force injury(18.69%). As for the nature of injuries, the top four were bruise/scratch(48.23%), sharp instrument injury/bite/open wound(19.51%), sprain/tension(13.37%) and fracture(11.03%). Most of injuries occurred at the head(41.44%), followed by upper limbs(32.46%) and lower limbs(17.88%). The degree of injuries was mainly mild(75.18%), and the intention of injuries unintentional(95.97%). The outcome of the injury cases was mainly discharged from the hospitals after treatment(98.42%). There were differences in the causes of injuries between different genders(χ^(2)=75.760, P<0.001). There were statistically significant differences in the causes, nature, site, severity, intention and outcome of injuries among different age groups(χ^(2)=799.204, χ^(2)=1,898.434, χ^(2)=3,385.066, χ^(2)=145.200, χ^(2)=362.855, χ^(2)=17.879, all P<0.05). Conclusion The epidemiological characteristics of injuries in children of different age and sex are different;and hence, the corresponding preventive measures should be taken according to their characteristics.

关 键 词：儿童伤害 监测 流行病学特征 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]