伦琴与X射线的发现  

Röntgen and the discovery of X-ray

作　　者：曹则贤[1] CAO Ze-Xian(Institute of Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院物理研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《物理》2021年第8期497-500,共4页Physics

摘　　要：X射线的发现是人类历史上影响最大的事件之一,同其前驱阴极射线的发现一样,都是无心插柳柳成荫的佳话。伦琴为了将阴极射线引出玻璃管外进行研究,用了较高的放电电压且是在黑暗的实验室内进行研究,无意间发现了X射线。伦琴因X射线的发现于1901年获得了第一届诺贝尔物理学奖。X射线为人类带来数不尽的发现和福祉。The discovery of X-ray,as that of its precursor the cathode ray,is the most influential,and serendipitous,event in history of science.In order to extract cathode ray from a Crookes tube,Röntgen applied a relatively higher voltage and carried out the experiment in dark,thus unintentionally found a novel unknown ray,which he named the X-ray.Röntgen was awarded the first Nobel prize in physics for his discovery of X-ray,which in turn has brought with it a lot of new findings and benefits to the human society.

关 键 词：伦琴 气体放电 克鲁克斯管 暗区 阴极射线 X射线 

分 类 号：O434.1[机械工程—光学工程] K835.16[理学—光学]