353132A型大轴重货车轴承热轴故障原因分析及防范  

Analysis and Prevention of Hot Axle Failure of 353132A Bearing for Heavy Axle-load Freight Cars

作　　者：张俊琴 张关震 吴斯 张澎湃 赵方伟 ZHANG Junqin;ZHANG Guanzhen;WU Si;ZHANG Pengpai;ZHAO Fangwei(Rolling Stock Department of China Railway Taiyuan Group Co.,Ltd.,Taiyuan 030013,China;Metals&Chemistry Research Institute of China Academy of Railway Sciences Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁路太原局集团有限公司车辆部,山西太原030013 [2]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司金属及化学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《铁道车辆》2021年第4期127-130,共4页Rolling Stock

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(N2020J13)。

摘　　要：针对国内30 t级大轴重353132A型铁路货车轴承内圈滚道剥离故障,采用失效分析手段观察了轴承损伤处的宏观形貌和微观特征,表征了内圈的化学成分、显微组织和硬度等,分析了内圈剥离原因。结果表明,轴承内圈滚道剥离呈现典型的接触疲劳损伤特征,裂纹源处存在破碎和残留的非金属夹杂物。能谱分析表明,这些夹杂物主要为Al2O3,该类夹杂物属脆性夹杂,其热机性能与轴承基体间存在显著差异。在轴承运用过程中,分布于内圈滚道浅表层的Al2O3夹杂物在滚动接触应力的作用下极易引起应力集中,进而诱发疲劳裂纹的萌生,疲劳裂纹在持续滚动接触载荷作用下逐步扩展,最终发展为宏观剥离。Aiming at the peeling failure of inner ring raceway of bearing 353132A for railway freight cars with 30 t heavy axle-load in China,the macroscopic morphology and microscopic characteristics of bearing damage are observed by means of failure analysis,the chemical composition,microstructure and hardness of inner ring are characterized,and the causes of inner ring peeling are analyzed.The results show that the peeling of inner ring of bearing raceway presents typical contact fatigue damage characteristics,and there are broken and residual non-metallic inclusions at the crack source.Energy spectrum analysis shows that these inclusions are mainly Al 2O 3,which are brittle inclusions,and their thermal mechanical properties are significantly different from those of bearing matrix.In the process of bearing operation,Al 2O 3 inclusions distributed in the shallow surface of the inner ring raceway are easy to cause stress concentration under the action of rolling contact stress,and then induce the initiation of fatigue cracks.Fatigue cracks gradually expand under the continuous rolling contact load,and finally develop into macroscopic peeling.

关 键 词：大轴重 轴承 热轴 剥离 非金属夹杂物 

分 类 号：U270.33[机械工程—车辆工程] U270.41[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]