石墨烯作为润滑油添加剂的研究进展  

Research Progress of Graphene as Lubricant Additive

作　　者：丁隆新 常伟豪 袁小亚[1] 郑旭煦 DING Longxin;CHANG Weihao;YUAN Xiaoya;ZHENG Xuxu(School of Materials,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学材料学院,重庆400074

出　　处：《润滑与密封》2021年第8期136-146,共11页Lubrication Engineering

基　　金：重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究重点项目(KJZD⁃K201800703).

摘　　要：作为环境友好型材料,石墨烯超薄的片层结构、出色的力学性能、优异的耐高温和自润滑等性能使其在润滑油领域备受关注。综述石墨烯、功能化石墨烯(各种有机分子对石墨烯的共价和非共价修饰)和石墨烯与其他纳米粒子(氟元素、金属单质、金属化合物等)的复合材料作为润滑油添加剂的研究进展;归纳总结石墨烯的物理摩擦吸附膜、摩擦化学膜、自修复效应、复合材料滚珠效应等抗磨减摩机制;指出石墨烯添加剂目前研究存在的问题,如不同制备方法或不同功能化的石墨烯在润滑油中的最佳掺量及抗磨减摩性能存在较大的差异,不同结构的石墨烯润滑油添加剂在不同工况和不同润滑域中的抗磨减摩性能和机制研究还不够系统完善,石墨烯、功能化石墨烯、石墨烯复合材料的制备,基于分子动力学的理论设计研究较少;提出石墨烯添加剂研究的发展方向,如建立石墨烯润滑油添加剂结构与抗磨减摩性能关系的大数据模型,采用分子动力学等模型对新型高性能石墨烯润滑油添加剂的分子结构进行理论设计和可控合成。As an environmentally friendly material,graphene has attracted much attention in the field of lubricants due to its ultrathin lamellar structure,excellent mechanical properties,outstanding hightemperature resistance and selflubricating properties.The research progress of graphene,functionalized graphene(covalent and noncovalent modification of graphene by various organic molecules)and composite materials of graphene and other nanoparticles(fluorine element,elemental metal,metal compound,etc.)used as lubricant additives was reviewed.The antiwear and friction reducing mechanisms of graphene such as physical friction adsorption film,tribochemical film,selfrepairing effect and ball effect of composite material were summarized.The existing problems in the research of graphene additives were pointed out,for example,the optimal amount of graphene in lubricating oil and the antiwear and friction reducing performance of different preparation methods or different functionalized graphene are quite different.The research on the antiwear and friction reducing performance and mechanism of graphene additives with different structures in different working conditions and different lubrication regions is not systematic and perfect.The preparation of graphene composites,based on molecular dynamics theory design research is less.The development direction of graphene additive research was proposed,such as establishing the big data model of the relationship between the structure of graphene lubricant additive and the antiwear and friction reducing performance,using the molecular dynamics model to carry out the theoretical design and controllable synthesis of the molecular structure of new highperformance graphene lubricant additive.

关 键 词：石墨烯 功能化石墨烯 石墨烯复合材料 润滑油 摩擦 

分 类 号：TH117.2[机械工程—机械设计及理论]