从评价到对话:构建新的国别慈善样态描述框架  

From Evaluation to Dialogue:Establishing A New Framework for Description of Country-based Philanthropies

作　　者：史迈 安姗姗 Shi Mai;An Shanshan

机构地区：[1]清华大学公共管理学院 [2]江南大学法学院

出　　处：《中国非营利评论》2021年第1期67-88,共22页China Nonprofit Review

基　　金：福特基金会(美国)北京代表处资助研究项目“世界公益慈善指数研究与发布”(项目编号:20193000197)的中期成果之一。

摘　　要：在慈善研究中,国别评价体系可以为我们认知不同社会的慈善样态提供重要的方法依据。然而,以往的评价体系大多建立在西方的慈善理论基础之上,使得它们对西方社会以外的慈善文明缺乏适当的关怀,因此难以达到增进文明之间相互对话的目的。出于这样的问题意识,本文从系统视角出发,意在构建一套更具有包容性的国别慈善样态描述框架。这一新框架的特点有三:其一,我们将慈善定义为一种为解决社会问题、增进公共利益而存在的社会行为系统,以此来弱化慈善概念中固有的价值争议而侧重关注实践本身;其二,依据这一定义,我们将慈善系统中所蕴含的资源流动过程剖解为四个基本单元,以此作为观察和描述不同实践样态的基本视角;其三,在此基础上,对照实践经验,我们将驱动慈善系统运转(及运转中的资源流动)的宏观动力归纳为六种基本来源,并以此作为描述框架的具体抓手。The evaluation index provides an essential methodological basis for recognizing the differences and peculiarities of different societies’philanthropy patterns.However,most of the previous indices are based on the traditional cognition of philanthropy in the western society.It makes them lack proper care for civilization outside the western world and hard to promote mutual understandings among civilizations.This paper aims to establish a more inclusive descriptive framework for comparative philanthropy studies from the theoretical perspective of system.Three characteristics of the new framework are as follows:First,to minimize the appraisiveness and internal complexity,we paid more attention to practice and defined philanthropy as a social behavior system of value creation.Secondly,according to this definition,we dissected the resource flow process into four basic units,which serve as the basic structure for observing and describing different practice patterns.Thirdly,combined with practical experiences,we further induced the macro driving power of the system into six essential sources and took them as the concrete mediums for describing philanthropies.

关 键 词：慈善 国别比较 描述框架 系统 资源流动 

分 类 号：C913.7[经济管理]