农村最低生活保障制度的再分配效应研究  

Study on the Redistribution Effect of the Rural Guaranteed Minimum Income System

作　　者：陶纪坤 黎梦琴 TAO Jikun;LI Mengqin

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学公共管理学院,南京210023

出　　处：《社会工作》2021年第4期79-92,109,110,共16页Journal of Social Work

基　　金：2017年国家社科基金项目“社会保障制度调节农村收入分配差距研究”(项目编号:17BSH048)。

摘　　要：农村最低生活保障制度,对促进农村经济社会发展、缩小居民收入差距以及维护社会公平具有重要意义。本文将宏观层面和微观层面结合起来,深入探究农村最低生活保障制度的收入再分配效应。在宏观层面上,根据《中国统计年鉴》中农村最低生活保障相关数据,计算出低保补贴前后我国农村居民人均可支配收入的基尼系数、库兹涅茨比率以及均等指数,并比较三种指数在低保补贴前后的变化;在微观层面上,则根据课题组所获得的农村实地调研数据,构建计量模型,深入探讨我国农村最低生活保障制度对居民人均可支配收入差距的影响。研究发现:(1)农村最低生活保障制度可以提升贫困群体和弱势群体的收入水平,从而发挥收入再分配效应,减小贫富差距;(2)农村最低生活保障制度可以发挥收入再分配效应,但影响程度有限,有进一步完善的空间。要想缩减农村居民贫富差距,就必须聚焦于贫困群众,提升救助水平,真正缩小与高收入人群的收入差距,使得低保发挥的收入再分配效应趋于最大化。Since the reform and opening up,with the rapid economic development,the level of social productivity has been increasing and people’s living standard has been gradually improved.However,while the income of residents has been steadily increasing,the income gap has been gradually widening,and the gap between the rich and the poor has become more and more disparate.It is important to focus on the economy development at the beginning of the reform but it is also important to pay attention to the income redistribution.We should pay more attention to the income distribution problem because it can lead to bad result and affect social harmony development.As a safety net in the social security system,China’s rural guaranteed minimum income policy is of great significance for boosting the rural economy and social development,it is also of great significance to narrow the income gap for different residents and maintain social equity and social justice.More and more scholars focus their study on the China’s rural guaranteed minimum income policy.But the published paper in the effect redistribution topic is not enough.This paper focuses on the income redistribution effect of China’s rural guaranteed minimum income policy from two perspectives:the macro level and the micro level and provides a reference basis for the subsequent research on the redistribution effect of rural subsistence security.On the macro level,according to the relevant data of rural minimum living allowance in the China Statistical Yearbook,the Gini coefficient,Kuznets ratio,and the equality index of rural residents’per capita disposable income before and after the subsidy are calculated,and the changes of the three indexes before and after the subsidy are compared.At the micro-level,according to the rural field research data obtained by the research group,an econometric model is constructed to deeply explore the impact of the rural minimum living security system on the per capita disposable income gap of residents in China.We use Gini coefficient

关 键 词：农村 最低生活保障 再分配效应 

分 类 号：C916[经济管理]