堤防溃口水流特性与封堵技术研究进展  

Progress in flow characteristics and closure technology of dike breaches

作　　者：陈启刚[1] 张大伟[2] 王忠祥 钟强 CHEN Qigang;ZHANG Dawei;WANG Zhongxiang;ZHONG Qiang(School of Civil Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038;College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院,北京100044 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [3]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国防汛抗旱》2021年第8期1-6,共6页China Flood & Drought Management

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFC1502602)。

摘　　要：堤防溃决洪水可能造成巨大的经济损失甚至人员伤亡,及时封堵溃口是减轻损失的必要措施。溃口封堵效率的提升既有赖于封堵技术的创新,又以对溃口水流特性的深入认识为前提。回顾了近年来主要通过物理模型实验取得的溃口演进过程和水力特征的研究成果,总结了溃口封堵工程实践中主要采用的封堵材料及其计算方法与适用条件、堵口方法及其配套构件与施工装备,追踪了溃口封堵技术的新发展趋势。在梳理已有进展的基础上,提出应加强溃口水流特性实验研究,注重溃口参数便携式测量技术和自动化、快速堵口装备研发。Dike-break floods usually result in catastrophic property damages and loss of lives,which can be reduced significantly through emergency closure of the dike breaches.In order to increase the efficiency of breach closure,both innovations on closure technology and deep understanding of the flow characteristics of dike breaches are required.This paper reviewes recent experimental results on the evolution process and flow characteristics of dike breaches.The application conditions and calculation methods of various materials and the key auxiliary components and construction equipment of closure methods that have been adopted in engineering practices were summarized.New breach-closure measures that have been proposed recently were introduced.The existing progress indicates that further experiment research on the flow characteristics of dike breaches were needed.Meanwhile,the development of portable techniques for measuring breach parameters and automatic equipment for quickly breach closure should be enhanced.

关 键 词：堤防 溃口 水流特性 封堵技术 研究进展 

分 类 号：TV871.3[水利工程—水利水电工程]