不同油菜品种机械化种植的适应性研究  

Study on the adaptability of mechanized planting of different rapeseed varieties

作　　者：胡承伟 周志淑 朱程 刘希忠 黄桃翠[1] HU Chengwei;ZHOU Zhishu;ZHU Cheng;LIU Xizhong;HUANG Taocui(Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 400060,China;Nanchuan Agricultural Technology Extension Centre,Chongqing 408400,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市农业科学院,重庆400060 [2]重庆市南川区农业技术推广中心,重庆408400

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2021年第4期47-51,共5页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：重庆市农业科学院青年创新团队项目(NKY-2018QC01);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0100500);重庆市社会事业与民生保障科技创新专项(cstc2016 shms-ztzx0021)。

摘　　要：为研究机械直播、机械收获对油菜农艺性状及产量性状的影响,为油菜全程机械化种植提供技术参考,以重庆市主栽的6个油菜品种为材料,测定机械直播条件下油菜的苗期性状和产量性状,比较机械收获与人工收获的效益。结果表明:播种量为4.5 kg∕hm^(2)时,‘庆油1号’的苗数、密度最大,生育期最短,菌核病发病率和病情指数较低,适宜机械化播种。‘渝油28’的人工收获产量最高。‘庆油1号’的机收产量最高,损失量和损失率最低,分别为178.72 kg∕hm^(2)和6.91%,增加效益最大,适宜机械化收获。油菜对机械化种植的适宜性存在明显的品种差异,选择适宜的品种进行机械种植可获得高产高效。In order to study the effects of mechanical direct seeding and mechanical harvesting on the agronomic and yield characters of rape,and provide a technical reference for the whole mechanized planting of rape,the seedling and yield characters were measured,the benefits of mechanical harvest and manual harvest were compared in the condition of mechanical direct seeding using 6 rapeseed varieties popularized in Chongqing.The results showed that‘Qingyou 1’had the largest seeding number and density,the shortest growth period,low incidence and disease index of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum,and was suitable for mechanized directseeding when the sowing amount was 4.5 kg/hm^(2).‘Yuyou 28’had the highest yield of manual harvest.‘Qingyou1’had the highest mechanical yield,the lowest loss and loss rate,which were 178.72 kg/hm^(2) and 6.91%respectively.It had the greatest increase benefit in mechanical harvesting and was suitable for mechanized harvesting.There was a notable difference in the adaptability of rape to mechanized planting,and high yield and high efficiency could be obtained by selecting suitable varieties for mechanical planting.

关 键 词：油菜 机械播种 机械收获 人工收获 

分 类 号：S233.75[农业科学—农业机械化工程]