滇龙胆传粉生物学特征研究  

Study on the Biological Characteristics of Pollination of Gentiana rigescens Franch.

作　　者：段绍凤 朱春艳 余成华 梁艳丽 DUAN Shaofeng;ZHU Chunyan;YU Chenghua;LIANG Yanli(National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Utilization&Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Yunnan Agriculture University,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学,西南中药材种质创新与利用国家地方联合工程研究中心,云南昆明650201 [2]云南农业大学,云南省药用植物生物学重点实验室,云南昆明650201 [3]云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第4期660-665,共6页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：云南省重大专项(2018ZF011,2017AB002,2017AB003);国家自然科学基金项目(31971543)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究滇龙胆花粉活力、花粉粒形态、柱头可授性、传粉者及访花行为,明确滇龙胆的传粉生物学特征。【方法】采用TTC染色法、醋酸洋红染色法、I2-KI染色法和过氧化物酶法检测花粉活力;用FEIQUANTA 200扫描电子显微镜观察花粉粒形态;用联苯胺—过氧化氢法测定柱头可授性;人工观察并记录访花者种类及其访花频率。【结果】最适合测定滇龙胆花粉活力的方法为过氧化物酶法,开花后第3天滇龙胆花粉活力达到最高(65.98%)。在同一天中花粉活力也会发生变化,开花当天花粉活力在14:00达到最高(64.71%),之后花粉活力开始显著下降。滇龙胆花粉粒外观呈球形,具有3条萌发孔沟,属于N3型花粉,花粉外壁条纹形成网格状。柱头在开花第4、5天出现极强柱头可授性,柱头可授性分别达57.69%和63.16%。滇龙胆的访花昆虫主要为蜂类和蚁类,在11:30—12:30访花昆虫数量最多。蜜蜂为最主要传粉昆虫。【结论】本研究对滇龙胆植物的有性生殖规律具有重要意义,为滇龙胆资源保护和引种栽培提供参考。[Purpose]The pollen viability,pollen grain morphology,stigma receptivity,pollinator and flower visiting behavior of Gentiana rigescens Franch.were studied to clarify the pollination biological characteristics of G.rigescens.[Methods]The pollen viability was detected by TTC staining,acetic acid magenta staining,I2-KI staining and peroxidase method.Pollen morphology was observed by FEIQUANTA 200 scanning electron microscope.Stigma receptivity was determined by benzidine-hydrogen peroxide method and the species and frequency of flower visitors were recorded manually.[Results]The peroxidase method was the most suitable method to determine the pollen vigor of G.rigescens,and the pollen vigor reached 65.98%(on the 3rd day after flowering).The pollen vitality changed during one day.The pollen vitality reached the highest(64.71%)at 14:00 and then decreased significantly on the very day of flowering.The pollen grains are spherical in appear-ance,with 3 germinal aperture,which belong to the N3 type pollen,and the outer wall of the pollen forms a grid.The stigma exhibited strong stigma acceptability,which reached 57.69%and 63.16%,respectively on the 4th and 5th day of flowering.The flower-visiting insects of G.rigescens mainly include bees and ants,the number of flower-visiting insects was the largest from 11:30 to 12:30 dur-ing a day.However,the most important pollinator was bees.[Conclusion]These results are of great significance for revealing the law of sexual reproduction of G.rigecens.At the same time,it can provide reference for the protection,introduction and cultivation of G.rigescens.

关 键 词：滇龙胆 花粉活力 柱头可授性 访花昆虫 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]