添加解磷菌剂的生物炭对冬马铃薯磷吸收和土壤细菌群落组成的影响  

Effect of Phosphate Liberation Bacteria Added in Biochar on the Phosphorus Absorption and Soil Bacterial Community Composition in Winter Potatoes

作　　者：强茹茹 曾捷 达布希拉图 QIANG Ruru;ZENG Jie;DABU XILATU(College of Resources and Environment,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;National Phosphorus Resource Development and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center,Yunnan Phosphate Chemical Group,Kunming 650607,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南磷化集团,国家磷资源开发利用工程技术研究中心,云南昆明650607

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第4期717-726,共10页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：云南省重点新产品开发计划项目(2014BA013)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确生物炭和解磷菌剂对马铃薯生长及磷素吸收利用的影响,进一步探讨两者配施的应用效果。【方法】以冬马铃薯为试验材料,以(麦麸+锯末)+磷尾矿为对照(CK),分别添加生物炭(WB)、解磷菌剂(WP)、生物炭+解磷菌剂(WBP)进行田间试验;并对WP和WBP处理的土壤样品及解磷菌剂进行高通量测序分析。【结果】相较于CK处理,WP、WB和WBP处理可增加或显著增加马铃薯植株干物质积累量(P<0.05),促进植株生长发育。收获期,WB、WP和WBP处理均能促进植株对磷的吸收利用,三者对磷素的累积量分别比CK增加53.58%、45.91%和90.65%。生物炭和解磷菌剂的添加提高了土壤中速效磷的含量,且WBP处理的土壤速效磷的含量高于或显著高于WB和WP处理(P<0.05),增幅分别为11.14%~33.22%和12.11%~30.96%。16S rRNA测序结果显示:筛选出的3株解磷菌属于变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)。将接种解磷菌剂的WP和WBP处理施入土壤后,变形菌门和拟杆菌门细菌为优势菌群,厚壁菌门细菌不再是优势菌群;相较于WP处理,WBP处理增加了变形菌门相对丰度,促进其生长繁殖,降低了拟杆菌门相对丰度。【结论】生物炭和解磷菌剂配施对磷的吸收利用、维持土壤微生物群落丰富度和均匀度的效果优于单施生物炭或解磷菌剂。[Purpose]To clarify the impact of biochar and phosphate liberation bacteria on potato growth and phosphorus absorption and utilization,and further explore the application effect of biochar on the combination of phosphate liberation bacteria.[Methods]Using winter potato as the test material,(wheat bran+sawdust)+phosphorus tailings as the control(CK),adding biochar(WB),phos-phate liberation bacteria(WP),biochar+phosphate liberation bacteria(WBP)respectively for field experiments;the soil samples treated by WP and WBP and phosphate liberation bacteria were ana-lyzed by high-throughput sequencing.[Result]Compared with CK group,WP,WB and WBP treat-ment increased or significantly increased the dry matter accumulation of potato plants(P<0.05),pro-moting the growth and development of potato plants.At harvest time,WB,WP and WBP could pro-mote the uptake and utilization of phosphorus by plants,and the phosphorus accumulation of WB,WP and WBP group was increased by 53.58%,45.91%and 90.65%respectively compared with CK.The addition of biochar and phosphate liberation bacteria increased the content of available phosphorus in the soil,the increased of WBP treatment was higher or significantly higher than that WB and WP treatments(P<0.05),with the increase rates of 11.14%-33.22%and 12.11%-30.96%,respectively.The 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that the three strains were Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes.When WP and WBP were applied into the soil,the Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacteria group,while Firmicutes was no longer the dominant bacteria group due to its weakened activity.Compared with WP treatment,WBP treatment increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and promoted their growth and reproduction,but reduced the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes.[Conclusion]The combined application of biochar and phosphate liberation bacteria has better effects on the absorption and utilization of phosphorus and maintaining the richness and uni-formity of soil microbial communities than single

关 键 词：冬马铃薯 生物炭 解磷菌剂 磷尾矿 土壤细菌群落组成 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]