拉萨河流域典型区域保护、修复、治理技术示范体系  

Protection,restoration,and governance technology demonstration system in the typical regions of the Lhasa River Basin

作　　者：安宝晟[1] 姚檀栋[1,2] 郭燕红[1] 王伟财[1,2] 李久乐[1] 李新[2,3] 王忠彦[1] Baosheng An;Tandong Yao;Yanhong Guo;Weicai Wang;Jiule Li;Xin Li;Zhongyan Wang(Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes,Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;National Tibetan Plateau Data Center,Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院青藏高原研究所,中国科学院青藏高原环境变化与地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院青藏高原地球科学卓越创新中心,北京100101 [3]中国科学院青藏高原研究所,国家青藏高原科学数据中心,北京100101

出　　处：《科学通报》2021年第22期2775-2784,共10页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0201);中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项(XDA20100000)资助。

摘　　要：青藏高原是世界屋脊、亚洲水塔,是地球第三极,是我国重要的生态安全屏障[1],是地球上最独特的地质-地理-生态单元,是开展地球与生命演化、圈层相互作用及人地关系研究的天然实验室[2].近50年,青藏高原自然与社会环境发生了剧烈变化,气候变暖幅度约是同期全球平均值的2倍[3],是全球变暖背景下环境变化不确定性最大的地区。The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program("STEP Program")has made significant progress in the world’s most influential frontier sciences.Based on the STEP Program,scientists are able to conduct theoretical and practical earth system science research that is fundamental to implementing exemplary solutions to basin protection(e.g.,of atmosphere,water,and soil),restoration(e.g.,of construction-disturbed areas,ecosystem degradation),and governance(e.g.,of water environment degradation,land desertification,and soil erosion),particularly across ecologically fragile highaltitude areas.The Lhasa River Basin,located in the social and economic heartland of Tibet,encompasses the six spheres of earth system science and has been subjected to the dual substantial environmental impact from natural climate changes and human activities.Therefore,it is important to conduct fundamental applied scientific research on the protection,restoration,and governance of natural process-prevalent areas,natural process-human activity overlapping areas,and human activity areas.In this study,the Chabalang small watershed,a typical tributary in the Lhasa River Basin,was selected as the research object,and the effect of the early comprehensive governance demonstration area construction on the ecological environment of the watershed was systematically evaluated.The results showed that during the construction of the comprehensive demonstration area from 2010 to 2012,although the regional precipitation was low,the vegetation coverage in the basin significantly improved because of a series of engineering measures such as slope-to-terrace,artificial planting,and water diversion irrigation.The areas of severe soil erosion and mild soil erosion in the basin were also slightly reduced,according to the soil erosion intensity data for 2005 and 2015.There are several problems in the comprehensive demonstration area,such as lack of systematic observation(e.g.,only automatic meteorological observation and slope runoff observation)

关 键 词：生态安全屏障 生态单元 生命演化 示范体系 地球第三极 全球变暖 天然实验室 人地关系 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]