播期对鲜食春大豆衢春豆1号农艺性状和可溶性糖含量的影响  

Effects of Sowing Date on Agronomic Traits and Soluble Sugar Content of Fresh Spring Soybean Cultivar Quchundou 1

作　　者：许竹溦 雷俊 邵晓伟 汪寿根 陈润兴 XU Zhu-wei;LEI Jun;SHAO Xiao-wei;WANG Shou-gen;CHEN Run-xing(Quzhou Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Quzhou 324000,China)

机构地区：[1]衢州市农业林业科学研究院,浙江衢州324000

出　　处：《大豆科学》2021年第4期490-496,共7页Soybean Science

基　　金：浙江省“十四五”农业新品种选育重大专项;衢州市科技计划(2020K35)。

摘　　要：为研究浙西地区不同播期对鲜食春大豆产量和可溶性糖含量的影响,以鲜食春大豆品种衢春豆1号为试验材料,设置3月16日、3月23日、3月30日、4月6日、4月13日、4月20日和4月27日共7个播期处理,比较不同播期下鲜食大豆生育期、农艺性状和产量,棉子糖、蔗糖和水苏糖等可溶性糖含量的变化情况。结果表明:随着播期的延迟,营养生长时间缩短,生殖生长时期逐渐变长,且各处理差异显著;大豆农艺性状中单株荚重、单粒荚数、主茎节数和单株有效荚数呈现先增加后减少的趋势,百粒鲜重、每荚粒数和百荚鲜重呈现逐步减少的趋势,而底荚高度逐渐增高,秕荚数逐渐增多;大豆可溶性糖除棉子糖含量随着播期的推迟而下降,可溶性总糖、蔗糖、水苏糖、果糖和葡萄糖含量均呈现先增加后减少的总体变化趋势,4月6日播期下的大豆籽粒可溶性总糖、蔗糖、水苏糖含量达到最高峰,分别为107.60,42.20和34.67 mg·g-1,且这3种可溶性糖含量和百荚鲜重、单株荚数、百粒鲜重和每荚粒数4个荚相关性状极显著正相关,结合产量综合分析表明3月下旬至4月上旬为浙西地区春季大豆种植的适宜时期。In order to study the effects of different sowing dates on the yield and quality of spring soybean in the western of Zhejiang Province, a fresh spring soybean variety Quchundou 1 was used as experimental material, a total of seven sowing dates were set on March 16 th, March 23 th, March 30 th, April 6 th, April 13 th, April 20 th and April 27 th to explore the changes of growth period, agronomic traits, yield and soluble sugar content of fresh soybean under different sowing dates.The growth period, agronomic traits, yield and soluble sugar content of raffinose, sucrose and stachyose in fresh soybean were studied under different sowing dates. The results showed that, with the delay of sowing date, the vegetative growth time was shortened, and the reproductive growth period was gradually longer, with significant difference among the different treatments. The pod weight per plant, pod number per pod, node number of main stem and effective pod number per plant increased firstly and then decreased, 100-seed fresh weight, seed number per pod and 100-pod fresh weight showed a decreasing trend, while the bottom pod height and blighted pod number increased gradually. Except raffinose, the contents of total soluble sugar, sucrose, stachyose, fructose and glucose increased firstly and then decreased. The content of total soluble sugar, sucrose and stachyose content reached the highest on April 6 th, which were 107.60, 42.20 and 34.67 mg·g-1 respectively, and these three soluble sugar contents were significantly correlated with the four pod correlation characteristics of 100-pod fresh weight, pods number per plant, 100-seed fresh weight and seeds number per pod. Combined with the comprehensive analysis of yield, it was indicated that the optimum period for spring soybean planting in Western Zhejiang was from late March to early April.

关 键 词：播期 春大豆 农艺性状 可溶性糖含量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]