贫困区农户生计资本组合对收入影响的优化效应分析——基于陕西778份农户调查数据  

Optimization Analysis of the Combination Effect of Livelihood Capitals on Family Income in Poverty Areas——Based on 778 Rural Households’ Survey Data in Shaanxi Province,China

作　　者：黄志刚 黎洁[1] 王静[2] HUANG Zhigang;LI Jie;WANG Jing

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学公共政策与管理学院,西安710049 [2]西北农林科技大学经济管理学院,杨陵712100

出　　处：《农业技术经济》2021年第7期79-91,共13页Journal of Agrotechnical Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“西部重点生态功能区农村社区参与旅游发展的途径、减贫机制与可持续发展研究:以陕南为例”(编号:71573205);陕西省重大现实问题专项“陕西脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接的目标、重点与措施研究”(编号:2019ZD02)。

摘　　要：生计资本之间同时存在协同效应和替代效应,在短期内较难变动资本数量的情况下,优先扶持具有协同效应的资本,优化资本结构,是改善农户收入的重要途径。本研究基于陕西778份农户调查数据,首先采用多元回归计算生计资本之间的协同效应和替代效应,然后结合图论剔除替代效应指标筛选具有协同效应的关键资本,最后应用偏最小二乘结构方程模型对生计资本结构优化前后的收入效应进行对比。研究结果表明:(1)自然资本与其它生计资本在促进农户收入增长方面具有明显的替代效应,其中与社会资本总替代效应较为明显(-0.051),较高的机会成本使得自然资本从不同程度上限制了农户收入的增长速度;(2)物质资本与人力资本只有协同效应(1.047),与其它三类资本同时存在差别较小的协同效应和替代效应,表明物质资本在资本结构优化中处于关键地位;(3)社会资本与金融资本之间只有协同效应(1.182),并且人力资本、社会资本和金融资本三者之间协同关系较强,替代关系较弱,表明这三类资本存量的增加是农户可持续的收入流量产生的重要资本;(4)综合而言,通过优化资本结构,增加资本间的协同性关系,能够显著促进农户收入水平的改善(0.110)。There are synergistic and substitution effects between livelihood capitals. It is difficult to change the number of capitals in a short term, so it is an important wayto increase their income to give priority to those capitals with synergies effect and optimize the capital structure. Based on 778 rural households’ survey data in the poverty areas of Shaanxi Province in China, the following work has been done in this research: firstly, the synergistic and substitution effect between livelihood capitals are calculated by using the multivariate regression;then combined with the graph theory, key capital with synergistic effect is identified by rejecting indicators with substitution effect;finally, income effect before and after optimizing the structure of livelihood capitals are contrasted by structural equation model with partial least squares regression. The results show as follows: firstly, there are obvious substitution effects between natural capital and other livelihood capitals in promoting the growth of farmers’ income. Nature capital restricts the growth rate of farmers’ income in varying degrees because of the higher opportunity cost. Secondly, there is only synergy effect(1.047) between material capital and human capital, and there is little difference in synergy effect and substitution effect between material capital and other three kinds of capital at the same time, which indicates that material capital plays a key role in the optimization of capital structure. Thirdly, there is only synergy effect between social capital and financial capital(1.182), and the synergy effect among human capital, social capital and financial capital is strong, and the substitution relationship is weak, indicating that increasing these three types of capital stock is very important for farmers to obtain sustainable income flow. In general, it can significantly improve the income level of farmers by optimizing the capital structure and increasing the synergy capitals(0.110).

关 键 词：生计资本 收入 协同效应 替代效应 结构方程模型 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济]