农民工跨城市流动就业的工资溢价效应——对农民工频繁流动的一个解释  

Wage Premium Effect of Migrant Workers’ Movement between Cities——An Explanation for the Frequent Migration of Migrant Workers

作　　者：汪润泉 赵广川[1] 刘玉萍 WANG Runquan;ZHAO Guangchuan;LIU Yuping

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学社会保障研究院,南京210046 [2]上海财经大学公共经济与管理学院,上海200433

出　　处：《农业技术经济》2021年第7期131-144,共14页Journal of Agrotechnical Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“高质量发展视角下社会保险费率调整与就业促进的互动机制研究”(编号:71904076);国家自然科学基金项目“基于就业促进和生活保护的社会保险制度费率调整与保障的功能优化研究”(编号:71673176);国家社会科学基金青年项目“精准扶贫背景下我国因病致贫的治理效果与对策研究”(编号:19CRK003);国家社会科学基金重大项目招标课题“我国医养结合优化模式筛选及推进医养结合全覆盖政策研究”(编号:20&ZD114)。

摘　　要：农民工进城后的就业具有高流动性特征,频繁地更换就业城市。本文利用全国流动人口监测调查数据解析了农民工在城市间流动就业的发生逻辑及其经济回报。研究发现,农民工在同一城市就业无法获得持续的工资增长,而通过在城市间的流动能够获得工资溢价,从而形成了跨城市流动就业的"推力"和"拉力";"岗位搜寻"与"社会保险权益贴现"是农民工通过城市流动获得工资溢价的两个作用机制,一方面,农民工在城市间的流动就业扩大了岗位搜寻范围,进而提高了进入高回报岗位的概率,另一方面,流动性强的农民工更倾向于放弃社会保险,并以此换取工资补偿。进一步分析发现,高学历与低学历农民工均能通过流动获得工资溢价,但前者的"岗位搜寻"机制更强,后者的"社会保险权益贴现"机制更强。The employment of migrant workers after entering the city has the characteristics of high mobility and frequently changes the employment in cities. Based on the data of CMDS, this paper analyzes the logic of migrant workers` mobility between cities and its’ economic return. The result shows that the wage increase period of migrant workers in the same city is too short, and the wage premium can be obtained through the movement between cities, thus forming the"push" and "pull" of mobile employment."job search" and "discount of social insurance rights" are the two mechanisms of wage premium brought about by migrant workers’ mobile employment. On the one hand, mobile employment increases migrant workers’ probability of entering high-return jobs, on the other hand, migrant workers with strong mobility are more inclined to give up social insurance and exchange it for wage compensation. Further analysis shows that both highly-educated and low-educated migrant workers can get a wage premium through mobility, but the former has a stronger "job search" mechanism, and the latter has a stronger "social insurance discount" mechanism.

关 键 词：城市流动 工资溢价 岗位搜寻 社会保险 农民工 

分 类 号：F323.6[经济管理—产业经济] F249.24