免耕播种机侧深分层施肥播种部件设计与试验  

Design and Experiment on Side Deep and Layered Fertilizing and Seeding Components of No-tillage Planter

作　　者：赵艳忠[1] 王勇[1] 龚振平[2] 杨悦乾[1] 赵淑红[1] 苟金保 ZHAO Yanzhong;WANG Yong;GONG Zhenping;YANG Yueqian;ZHAO Shuhong;GOU Jinbao(College of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;College of Agriculture,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]东北农业大学农学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2021年第8期40-50,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000902)。

摘　　要：为减少追肥机具进地次数、最大限度地提高肥料利用率,针对因秸秆残茬分布不均、侧深施肥导致播种带两侧土壤紧实度不一致而引起免耕播种机横向稳定性差、掉垄的问题,设计了一种可以底肥侧位深施、口肥垂直分施的免耕播种机侧深分层施肥播种部件。以直斜错位双圆盘肥种沟开沟器的圆盘直径、圆盘夹角和圆盘倾角为试验因素,以前进阻力、侧向合力及开沟深度稳定性系数为试验指标,对影响机具横向稳定性和作业质量的参数进行分析和试验。结果表明,当圆盘直径为352 mm、圆盘夹角为14°、圆盘倾角为7.5°时,肥种沟开沟器前进阻力为585.96 N、侧向合力为181.95 N、开沟深度稳定性系数为91.46%。样机性能试验表明,种肥垂直距离合格率为91.7%,种肥侧向距离合格率为92.4%,播种深度变异系数为10.7%,播种横向变异系数为28.4%,满足侧深施肥播种质量要求。Aiming at the problems of straw stubble distribution inhomogeneity,inconsistent soil compaction on both sides of the seeding belt due to side deep fertilizing,which causes the problems of lateral instability and ridge-dropping of the no-tillage planter,at the same time,in order to lessen the number of times the topdressing equipment enters the ground and maximize the fertilizer utilization rate,the side deep and layered fertilizing and seeding components of no-tillage planter was designed,which could apply the base fertilizer laterally and deeply and distribute the seed manure vertically.Also,the field experiments were carried out on the parameters that affected the lateral stability of the no-tillage planter and the operating quality.The influence factors of the field experiments included the disc diameter,disc angle and disc dipping of staggered double disc fertilizer ditch opener.Evaluation indices included the forward resistance,lateral force and ditching depth stability coefficient.The results showed that when the disc diameter was 352 mm,the disc angle was 14°,and the disc dipping was 7.5°,the forward resistance of the staggered double disc fertilizer ditch opener was 585.96 N,the lateral force of the staggered double disc fertilizer ditch opener was 181.95 N,and the ditching depth stability coefficient was 91.46%.The prototype performance experiment results showed that the seed fertilizer vertical distance qualification rate was 91.7%,the seed fertilizer lateral distance qualification rate was 92.4%,the sowing depth variation coefficient was 10.7%,and the sowing width variation coefficient was 28.4%,which could satisfy the side deep fertilizing and sowing quality requirements.

关 键 词：免耕播种机 侧深施肥 横向稳定性 肥种沟开沟器 田间试验 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]