玉米条带少耕作业驱动式破茬刀设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Driving Stubble Cutter for Corn Strip with Less Tillage Operation

作　　者：王加一 赵淑红[1] 杨智杰 高连龙 杨悦乾[1] WANG Jiayi;ZHAO Shuhong;YANG Zhijie;GAO Lianlong;YANG Yueqian(College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2021年第8期51-61,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300803)。

摘　　要：针对东北玉米垄作区耕整地动土量大和春季降雨量低时土壤墒情不佳、耕作阻力大等问题,提出一种条带式少耕的作业方式,并设计了驱动式破茬刀。通过对驱动式破茬刀的作业工况进行受力分析得出,当破茬刀的滑切角大于或等于与其接触的根茬或土壤的摩擦角时,破茬刀耕作阻力降低。结合根茬与土壤滑动摩擦角的测量和破茬刀的运行速度取值,确定了刀片的刃口曲线方程;进一步通过分析根茬受力状态及测定物料间摩擦角,确定驱动式破茬刀的作业半径为230 mm;最后通过确定刀片的几何尺寸、刀轴和刀盘参数得到驱动式破茬刀。有限元模态分析与强度、刚度校核结果表明,所设计的驱动式破茬刀性能良好、满足设计要求。离散元仿真对比试验表明,所设计的驱动式破茬刀比驱动式圆盘刀组的耕作阻力降低了19.78%、土壤抛起数量降低了13.95%,其耕作阻力与动土量性能均较优。Aiming at the phenomenon such as large amount of soil tillage,low rainfall in spring and high resistance to tillage,a strip-type operation method with less tillage was proposed,and a driving stubble cutter was designed.By analyzing the working condition of the driven stubble cutter,the tillage resistance of the stubble cutter can be reduced when the sliding angle of the stubble cutter was greater than or equal to the friction angle of the stubble or soil in contact with it.Combined with the measurement of sliding friction angle between stubble and soil and the speed of stubble cutter,the curve equation of blade edge was determined.The stress state of the stubble was further analyzed and the friction angle between materials was measured,and the radius of the driven stubble cutter was 230 mm.Finally,the driven stubble cutter was obtained by determining the geometric size,cutter shaft and cutter head of the blade.Then,the finite element simulation model was used to verify the stability and performance of stubble cutter,and the discrete element simulation experiment was used to compare the performance and effect of stubble cutter operation.The results of the analysis and verification of the finite element simulation modal showed that the driven stubble cutter met the design requirements.The experimental results of discrete element simulation showed that the tillage resistance of the driven stubble cutter was 19.78%lower than that of the driven disc cutter,and the amount of soil throwing was 13.95%lower than that of the driven disc cutter.Therefore,the performance of driven stubble cutter in tillage resistance and soil moving capacity was better.

关 键 词：玉米条带 驱动式破茬刀 耕作阻力 动土量 

分 类 号：S233.1[农业科学—农业机械化工程]