施用枝条堆肥对梨果和土壤质量影响效应的综合评价  

Comprehensive assessment of effects on fruit and soil quality of application of branch compost in a pear orchard

作　　者：曹刚[1] 赵明新[1] 胡霞[1] 曹继礼 王玮[1] 曹素芳[1] 毕淑海 李红旭[1] CAO Gang;ZHAO Mingxin;HU Xia;CAO Jili;WANG Wei;CAO Sufang;BI Shuhai;LI Hongxu(Insitute of Fruit and Floriculture Research,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Science,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Gansu Yasheng Industry Limited Liability Company,Lanzhou 730020,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所,兰州730070 [2]甘肃亚盛实业股份有限公司,兰州730020

出　　处：《果树学报》2021年第8期1285-1295,共11页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：甘肃省科技厅科技支撑计划(1604NKCA063-2);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目;农业农村部园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室西北地区果树科学观测实验站项目(10218020)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明枝条堆肥和有机肥施用对密植梨园梨果产量、品质和土壤理化性状的效应。【方法】采用枝条堆肥(BCT)、枝条堆肥+生物有机肥(MT)、羊粪(ST)和化肥(CT)4种施肥处理,结合主成分分析对果实品质和土壤质量进行综合评价。【结果】枝条堆肥+生物有机肥MT处理显著提高了果实单株产量,较化肥处理增产19.78%;有机肥连续施用后可改善果实的品质,与化肥处理相比,ST和MT处理提高了果实可溶性固形物和维生素C含量,MT处理还增加了果实可溶性糖含量,ST和BCT处理后增强了果实硬度,提高了有机酸含量。不同施肥处理对土壤理化性状有显著的影响,ST处理土壤pH有所提高,MT连续处理后0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层的pH明显低于CT;羊粪和枝条堆肥+生物有机肥均有效提高了0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层土壤有机质和碱解氮含量,并且MT处理促进了土壤铁元素有效性的提升。通过主成分分析法进行综合评价,不同施肥处理对果实品质和土壤质量的影响综合得分排序为MT>ST>BCT>CT,MT处理综合得分为0.6758,排名第1位。【结论】施用有机肥处理对果实品质和土壤质量的提升作用均优于纯化肥处理,尤其在MT处理下表现出了最佳的施肥效果。【Objective】Collection and utilization of agricultural waste is a difficult in China.Pruned branches from fruit trees are a special kind of agricultural waste,which is rich in organic matters and mineral nutrients.However,due to its hard texture and complex structure,it is difficult to be reutilized,and is carelessly discarded or burned in large quantities causing great environmental pollution and safety hazards.Aerobic composting is an effective method to transform biological wastes into valuable organic fertilizer,which can be applied to the field,bringing both economic and ecological benefits.There is still a lack of systematic and comprehensive reports on the application of compost from fruit tree branches to the field,especially on the changes in fruit and soil quality and tree productivity after application.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate the effects of application of branch compost and organic fertilizer on fruit yield and quality and soil physical and chemical properties in densely-planted pear orchards.【Methods】Four fertilization treatments including branch compost(BCT),branch compost combined with bio-organic fertilizer(MT),sheep manure(ST)and chemical fertilizer(CT)were set up,and the yield and quality of fruit,and the physical and chemical properties of soils at depths of 0-20,20-40 and 40-60 cm were investigated,and comprehensively evaluated with the principal component analysis.The amount of sheep manure in ST in the test site was taken as the standard,and the organic matter in BCT and MT treatments was equal to that in ST,and the amounts of N2O,P2O5 and K2O in all treatments were equal.【Results】The results showed that MT significantly increased yield,which was 19.78 percent higher than that of CT.BCT and ST significantly increased fruit firmness after continuous application for two years.Continuous application of organic fertilizer improved fruit quality significantly.Compared with CT,ST and MT increased the contents of soluble solids and vitamin C in fruit.MT also increased the

关 键 词：梨 枝条堆肥 果实品质 土壤质量 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]